Jahten A-grawp kau hkrum ai Manmaw Manau Wang

Tsawra ai,
Nu Wa, Hpu Nau, Kana Kajan Wunpawng Jinghpaw Amyu sha yawng hpang de lawu na laka hpe aja awa myit sa wa lu na matu ka tang dat ga ai.

Manmaw Buga Wunpawng Jinghpaw Amyu Sha ni a Manau Shadung hte Manau Wang hpe Manmaw Hk Y K Ningbaw Hpyendu Kaba nan woi awn nna jahten, htu, a-grawp kau ya ai lam gaw, Manmaw Buga WP Jinghpaw ni hpe sha nrai Mungkan ting sak-hkrung chyam bra nga ai Wunpawng Jinghpaw yawng hpe sawng dik ai hku nna roi ai, ga law saw ai, jahte tam ai nan rai nga sai. Dai hta jan nna Amyu shada da a lapran hta roi rip hkat ai lam kaga nnga na sai.Bai dai Manmaw Manau Wang hpe jahtyen a-grawp kau ngut ai hpang, Manmaw, BMO HK Y K ningbaw wa gaw NANHTE JINGHPAW NI MUNGDAN A MATU HPA BAW AKYU RAWNG A TA?. ngu araw jaw ai sha n-ga MANAU HPE NUM HPU PRANG KAW MI RAI RAI, TSING-DU PA KAW RAI RAI GALAW MU ngu nna mung shawa a man kaw nan tsun ai da.

Manau Shadung hte Manau Wang ngu ai gaw, WP Jinghpaw Amyu sha ni a matu tsawdik ai htunghking rai sai, dai hta tsaw ai kaga htunghking nnga ai, moi gaw hkristan nbyin shi ai ten, tsawhtum Madai Nat hpe jaw jau nna galaw ai htunghking kaba re, Manau wang kata nse nsa tsep-kawp nmai galaw ai sha n-ga shana e gadai pyi nmai lai ai, dai sha n-ga Manau nau ai shaning dai mare e masha si ai raitim aga de makoi mayang kadai n-galaw ai, ngu mayu ai gaw dai ginra lamu ga hta kadai nhtu kajam sai, manau dum na jaba wawt yu nhtawm jaba pru ai hte dai manau wang hpe kadai sa kajam nmai sai, sa jahten/sa kajam ai wa, ni gaw dai amyu sha ni a hpyen rai sai, dai sa jahten ai wa hpe sat kau lu ai shani shing nrai dai wa kaw na hpyi-nyem tawngban wa ai lam sha nnga yang nsim nsa gasat gala mat wa na lam sha nga sai, ndai amu gaw W/P Jinghpaw Mungkan ting (India, China, Burma) na WP Jinghpaw Amyu sha hkum ting dek shagu hpe lukdik lukga e baw bye ya ai hta grau sawng mat sai lam re.

Myen ni dai daram roi wa nga tim, hpa hpe naw la nga ga ai ta?
myen hpe hkrit ai majaw anhte WP Jinghpaw ni a nga grin galu kaba sa wa ai lam hta akyu rawng wa nga a ni?, ndai bungli gaw amyu sha mying gun nna shamu shamawt nga ai uhpung yawng hta lit nga ai re, lit htawt ap taw na lam nnga ai.

Moi Laika Jaw Masat hta e kalang Manau Shadung baw katut sai, dai shaloi gaw Jinghpaw mung e nre majaw ngu myit la ai majaw ngu saka, ndai gaw Jinghpaw Mung e nan rai nga sai, ya mung Ma-Ah ni zawn mau shalai kau sa-yang gaw anhte daram shagri nkung ai amyu sha mungkan hta nau pyi nnga na sai.

hpa majaw anhte a htunghking hpe anhte a ginra hta jahten ai rai ta? daini na ten Wunpawng Mungdan kata shara magup she yu jin wa hkra Myen ngu ai pyi n-nga ai ginra hkan e Myen Budda Gawk-ngu ni shadun mat wa ai gaw kadai nmai hkra, nmai hpu shanhte kam ai hku galaw mai wa ai mungdaw/mungdan byin wa nga sai hpe nang hte nseng ai zawn sha naw nga nga na ga ai kun?

Myen nkau gaw anhte hpe labau nchye ai ni zawn mana shatai nhtawm, Bhamo ngu ai gaw moi kaw na Myen Sam ni a shara re nga tsun na ma ai.
Laika ka sara John Anderson(1867-68) ka tawn ai "A Report on The Expedition to Western Yunan Via Bhamo" ngu ai laika, laika man 216-9 lapran hta sanglang tawn ai gaw Moi na Manmaw Mare ngu ai gaw hka makau e de tawn ai rai nna nta 400 loi jan nga ai, galu de deng mi galu nhtawm malawng maga Sam amyu sha ni hte Lawu mung na Myen ni sa bu htawt nga ai re lam, dai Mare a deng 3 jan grup grup gra gra de gaw jinghpaw(Kahkyen) ni dam lada ai ginra ni hta mare de nhtawm nga shanu wa ai lam asan sha ka tawn ai.

Bai, Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry 1947 Report Part I laika buk laika man 3 hta mung Bhamo District e nga ai amyu sha ni a Yup-tung jahpan hpe lawu na hte maren ka tawn ai.
(ii) (a) Bhamo District

Area ............................................. 4,148 sq. miles
Total Population............................... 129,000
Part I Population 52,000
Part II Population .............................. 77,000

Population by Races.
Kachin ........................................... 49,794 or 38.6 %
Shan .................................................. 36,765 or 28.5%
Burmese Group ................................... 33,540 or 26.0%
Indian, Chinese and others .................. 8,901 or 6.9 %

moi na Manmaw Mare gaw Sam ni malawng ngu na nga lai wa ai Sam mare re hpe gaw labau hta ka tawn nga ai, raitim dai aten(1947ning) lahta Sam Mung e nga ai jinghpaw gaw 71,070 re majaw Sam hte Jinghpaw Amyu sha ni hku nna tinang a mungdaw masat daidaw la ai hpang rapra ai hku nga pra sa wa na ngu ai ga shaka nga tawn ai hte maren langai a htung hking hpe langai hkungga hkat na lam sha nga ai, Myen wa raitim Kachin State ngu nna dai daw tawn sai lamu ga hta shahte kam ai hku sa roi na lam tsep-kawp nnga ai, Anhte a Manau shadung hpe htu agrawp kau ya ai zawn shan hte a Gawkngu ni hpe dai hte maren anhte galaw yang hpabaw byin wa na ta?

ndai gaw Tinng Ying Hpung, Zawng Hra Hpung Lasang wa a Hpung KBC, Kahtawlik ...etc. ngu taw ai baw nre, yawng a htunghking re majaw yawng kaw na aja awa ninghkap ra ai bungli re lam hpe Wungpawng Amyu sha kaji kaba yawng hpang de shadum shana dat ai lam rai ga ai.


Maigan du Wunpawng Jinghpaw Amyusha Hpung(OKA)

ps. 3/4 ya laman Myen laika hte ndai lam hte la-kap nhtawm statement langai shapraw lu na matu bawng jahkrup nga ga ai.

Obama & Shanghai students: Obama Pushes Open Internet In China

Kachin Manau Dance Site Bulldozed by SPDC

Burmese military authorities by using bulldozes destroyed a Kachin Manau festival site in Bhamo, Kachin State on November 12, just ahead of the traditional dance ceremony due on November 26. The Irrawaddy's news "Kachin Manau Dance Site Bulldozed"


These the evidence of the Burmese SPDC regime’s racist and discriminating policies and actions against ethnic people in Burma.

Current Burman military leaders have very little patience in culture biodiversity and mutual understanding. Ethnic's language, literature, culture and history are never allowed to teach in public school in Burma. Worse, such ethnic culture heritage sites were being destroyed.

These are the regime’s very serious racial and basic human rights violations against ethnic people. These are also the reasons prompting ethnic people to hold guns and fight!

The UN and International Community should speak up against such actions. Burman leaders and future Burma will have to pay for such discrimination and human rights violation.

2010 Scholarhsip/ Universities gara hku Apply na? Sang lang ai lam

De,

Tsawra ai manaw manang ni,

2010 shaning maigan e jawng lung mayu ai ni aq matu scholarship forms ni pru sai re. Ndai scholarship ni gaw Bachelor, Master and PhD degrees yawng hpe jaw ai. Scholarship apply ten gaw November kawn March shata du hkra rai na re. Scholarship agencies hta hkan n’na, application deadline langai hte langai n’bung ai.

Asia Pacific Scholarship Consortium gaw December 1, 2009 kaw deadline htum sai. Supplementary Grant Program Burma gaw March 15, 2010. Prospect Burma gaw March 31, 2010 kaw deadline htum sai re. Dai majaw aten dep, ndai November shata kawn apply mat wa na re. Scholarship lu n’lu result gaw March, April and May shata hkan law malawng chye ai. Scholarship lu la ai nig aw, June, July, August, and September shata hkan e university enrolment hpang mat wa ai re.

Shaning shagu ndai Agencies ni kawn myenmung masha 100 hkawt hpe scholarship jaw ai. Moi 1990s kaw na ya du hkra rai yang myenmung masha Tsa shadang law law hpe jaw ai re. Ndai scholarship agencies ni hte myenmung masha ni hpe lit la na, matut mahkai galaw ya nga ai, Thabyay Education Network aq statistic hku nga yang, 2009 hta e ndai agencies ni kawn scholarship lu let International universities hkan e jawng lung taw nga ai myenmung masha yawng 200 jan re. 200 students hta e Kachin gaw marai 17 re (first to final year).

Ndai statistics hpe yu yang, Kachin ni Scholarship lu la ai Number grai yawm nga ai. Laga myen, kayin, the sam hpu nau ni hta, grau yawm taw nga ai re. Kachin ni scholarship apply ai, lu ai quota grai yawm ai re hpe Donors ni chye ma ai. Lak lai ai hku n'na 2009 hta Kachin marai 8-9 ram scholarship n'nan lu la ma ai. Dai hpe yu yang Kachin ni hpe Scholarship jaw mayu ai, Kachin Quota shalaw mayu ai myit, rawng nga sai re. Dai majaw Kachin ramma ni law law Scholarship apply na hpe ra nga ai re. Ndai scholarship agencies ni sha n’ga, laga law law hte mungkan shara shagup hkan na university ni mung scholarship grai jaw nga ai re. Scholarship jaw ai agencies/universities ni the seng n’na Myanmar Study Abroad www.myanmarstudyabroad.org kaw e information ahkum azup hpe mung mai lu ai. Shang yu ga!

Mang hkang gaw Kachin ni scholarship apply n’galaw ai mang hkang hte, apply mayu ai ni mung, university shang mai na/ scholarship lu main a criteria, n’hpring tsup, ra rawng ai mang hkang rai nga ai. For example; TOEFL N’htai tawn, Documents n’hkum, amyu my aq majaw re hpe, chye lu ai. Hpami rai rai, Tinang byin mayu ai hpe byin hkra galaw mayu ai rai yang gaw, hkyen lajang ai lam, aten jaw ai lam, ra ai documents ni hpe jahkum jazup n’na, ready galaw da ra na re.

Scholarship apply na matu gaw university shang mai na madang/criteria hpring zup ra ai hta sha n’nga, scholarship agencies ni ra sharawng ai criteria hpring zup na mung ra nga ai. Lawu e, university kaw ra ai the scholarship apply yang ra ai criteria hpe tang madun dat ai re.

University Apply ai shaloi ra ai Documents;
(1) TOEFL or IELTS (Scores gaw jawng kaja yang kaja ai hta hkan n’na law law ra ai)
(2) Passport
(3) (3) High School Awng letmat hte Ah-mat-za-yin (Original + Notary)
(4) University transcript if you had attended a university (original + Notary)

Scholarship apply na matu ra ai criteria;
(1) University Admission Letter (or) University langai ngai kaw shawk da sai ngu ra ai
(2) Passport
(3) High School Awng letmat hte Ah mat-za-yin (Original + Notary)
(4) University transcript if you had attended a university (original + Notary)
(5) Working experiences 2 ning nga sai ni, grau n'na chances nga ai
(6) Recommendations 2
(7) 2 or 3 essays

Scholarships law malawng jaw ai subjects ni;
- Community Health
- Development
- Education
- Environment
- Humanities & Social Sciences
- Political Sciences
- Media
- Policy & Administration
- Social Work
- Law
- Economic

Scholarship lu na matu ndai lahta na criteria hpring yang n’yak ai re. Dai majaw apply yu na ahkyek nga ai, 3 hte (APSC, SGPB and PB) kaw apply ga. Essays hte recommendation hkrak hkra ka la na, ahkyek nga ai.

TOEFL scores n'lu shi ai ni aq matu;
Note1: TOEFL n'lu tim, English level tsaw sai ni, University hkan e Entrance Exam htai n'na, Admission Letter lu hkra mai galaw la ai. Dai hpe gaw Tinang lung mayu ai University kaw, sa n’na, sa htai la ra ai re.

Note2: University makau mi hkan e Entrance Exam or TOEFL n’lu tim, Admission Letter lu hkra, mai jahkrup la ai lam nga ai. Dai hpe gaw tinang nan (or) dai jawng kaw lung nga ai tinang aq manang, ni nawn ai ni hpe Negotiate galaw shangun n'na, Admission letter mai hpyi la ai. Jawng yawng gaw n’mai ai re, exceptional hku n’na sha mai ai re. Dai majaw manaw manang ni hte san jahkrup n'na galaw mat yang kaja ai.

Note3; TOEFL htai na matu TOEFL fee n'lu ai ni aq matu myit mada shara; TOEFL fee/ TOEFL laika book & materials mari na matu gumhpraw nlu ai ni, ndai ni hte seng n'na garum ya ai agency langai mi nga ai. EPOP or the Exam Preparation Outreach Program for University Entrance ngai ai re. ndai agency hpe ndai Email: epopasia@gmail.com kaw mai matut mahkai ai.

Myen mung masha ni hpe jaw taw nga ai scholarship ni hpe kachin ni n'lu la ai, shalai kau ai, shaning na na rai wa sai re. Ndai scholarship program ni gaw hta ni hta na, prat ting jaw nga na ngu n'lu tsun ai. Jaw ai shaloi chance hpe la lu ai gaw kaja dik re. Kachin Society aq Bawngring lam the shawng lam aq matu, Hpaji chye ai 1, 2, 3 nga na sha mung n'mai ai. Nang ngai Masha langai lahkawng sha, bungli galaw na mung n'mai ai. Society/ community shagu hta, sectors law law nga ai hte maren, Sectors shagu hta tinang aq myu sha, kunghpan, professional chye chyang ai masha ni ready nga ra na re. Yawng jawm shakut yang she awng dang na re. Dai majaw ndai zawn re kunghpan chyechyang ai experts ni nga wa na matu, tinang myu shada ja hkum hpraw hte lu madi shadaw hkat ai ni mung madi shadaw hkat, n'lu madi shadaw ai ni mung, ndai zawn rai scholarship opportunities ni hpe lu la na matu, jawm shakut sa wa ga. Jawng lung taw nga sai ni hte lung mayu ai ni matut mahkai let, tinang chye mayu ai information ni hpe san, jahkrup hkat let, jawm apply sa wa ga. Email hte matut mahkai ga. Manaw manang ni hpe mung garan gachyan ga. Let’s keep in touch and do our best. Then,God will take care the rest!

Cheers,
Hkunsam

Maigan De Hpaji Hpungjat Lam (Further Studies)

DrKhaLum

Myen Mungdan kata hta tsang 10 a lawu de na hpaji hpe basic education(npawt nhpang hpaji) ngu shamying ma ai. Tsang 10 a lahta de gaw lahta tsang hpaji shing n rai college education shing n rai university education dakkasu hpaji ngu shamying ma ai. Moi Inglik up ai ten hta tan masum mali rai tim jawng sara mai galaw ai. Rung chyere mai galaw ai. Tan sanit rai yang bum du mai galaw ai. B.A. awng yang ayebyeng mai galaw ai. Ya n mai sai. Lawu tsang jawng sara galaw na matu n law dik B.A., shing n rai B.Sc. awng ra sai. Tsang mali sha awng yang daw-rawan lu na pyi n loi sai. Mung up ai ni mung moi gaw hpunggyi jawng pru ai (hpaji madang khe-thu-mahuk) ni sumtsan salang(ambassador) mai galaw tim ya n mai sai. Moi Abraham Lincoln grai magrau grang nna American gumsan magam lu tim, mungkan ntsa e Abraham Lincoln marai lahkawng n nga ai. Maigan mungdan ni hpaji madang tsaw jat wa ai hte maren i-hteng bu ni mung hka tsaw wawn tsaw hpaji madang tsaw jat ra sai. Sik-hkwi....

Myen mung dan hta tsang shi awng ai hpang college, shing n rai dakkasu shang na matu entrance sanpoi n htai ra ai. Tsang shi hta lu ai amat(marks) hpe yu nna tinang hte gingdan ai degree program la shangun ai rai nga ai. Dakkasu du ai shaloi n law dik mali ning lung nna awng jang she first degree hpaji janmau langai ngai mai lu nga ai. Rai tim, ya Myen mung dan hta Distance Education Program sumtsan laika htinglet masing hpaw tawn da ya ai majaw, laning mi hta shata lahkawng intensive course lung nna sanpoi hpe masum ning shang htai jang B.A. shing n rai B.Sc.degree langai mi jaw nga ai. Ndai hpe undergraduate studies ngu shamying ma ai. Kade daram chye la ai gaw jawng ma ni she chyoi sa.

Matut nna Masters degree program lung mayu yang B.A. shing n rai B.Sc. (Shing n rai BS) marks kaja ra ai. Subject shagu credit marks grade 5 mi n lu tim tinang la ai major subject hta qualified marks grade 4 lu ra ai. Dai mung Myen mung hta sara sarama ni hpe sen gumhpraw law law kahtap nna makai ya yang mai byin ai lam chye lu ai. Ya ten na daram Myen mung dakkasu ni hta Masters degree lu loi ai n nga sai. Grai she sharin la ga. Maigan de du ai shaloi gaw, nang kade chye ai hpe garai n san yang nang hpa baw awng da ai ngu ai grai ahkyak ai. Degree langai ngai n lu yang application shawk na ahkang pyi n mai lu nga ai. Degree shawng lu da nna chye na matu shinggan de hpaji sharin jahkum shatsup la ai mahtang grau loi nga ai. Masters degree program hpe graduate studies ngu shamying ma ai. Dai gaw doctorate matu hkyen lajang ai lam rai nga ai. MB,BS awng ai tsi sarawun doctor ni mung PhD matut lung mayu yang M.MSc.(Master of Medical Science) degree program hpe sharin awng da ra nga ai. Shaloi she shi la ai subject hta hkan nna doctoral studies(Doctor of Medicine shing n rai MD, shing n rai PhD) matut sharin hkam la na rai nga ai.

Masters degree lu ngut ai hpang gaw doctorate degree program(post-graduate studies) hpe matut sharin la na rai nga ai. Ndai doctoral studies gaw tinang sharin hkam la ai hpaji hta madang tsaw dik rai nga ai. B.A. (History) degree lu ai wa gaw M.A. (History) lung awng ngut ai hpang PhD in History degree hpe lu a na rai nga ai. B.Sc. (Botany) degree lu sai wa gaw M.Sc.(Botany) lung ngut jang PhD in Botany lu la na rai nga ai. PhD gaw myit sumru nna manghkang lama ma a mahtai tam ai madang re ai majaw Doctor of Philosophy degree ngu shamying ai rai nga ai.

Myen mung kata na degree langai ngai n lu ai sha maigan de hpaji matut na mtu pru sa wa yang, tsang 10 madang hte shabung da ai maigan na tsang 12 shing n rai 'O-level' sanpoi hpe htai ra na rai nga ai. Dai maigan na 'O-level' ngu ai sanpoi hpe Myen mung na Master degree lu da sai ni pyi htai yang awng na n loi ai. Education system n bung ai majw mung rai nga ai. Myen mung kata na Bachelor degree langai ngai lu sai rai yang dai 'O-level' sanpoi n htai ra ai majw grai hkyamsa mat ai. Rai tim entrance sanpoi, comprehensive exam, hte English proficiency test shing n rai TOEFL(Test Of English as A Foreign Language marks 550) awng ra ai. Dakkasu nkau mi hta TOEFL 600 hpyi ma ai. Dakkasu nkau mi hta gaw shanhte nan htuk ai English Test htai shangun ma ai. Dakkasu nkau mi hta rai yang TOEFL amat (marks) 450 shing n rai 500 daran lu yang hkap la nna English special course laning mi shajan la shangun chye ma ai. Kaning mi rai rai, maigan de hpaji sharin mayu yang English hpe atsawm sha chye hti chye ka, chye madat, chye shaga nna computer hpe mung chye lang ra nga ai. Dai majaw ya hpang na TOEFL sanpoi ni hta Listening, Structure(Grammar), Reading Comprehension hta n ga, Writing Test hte Speaking Test ni mung shalawm sana lam chye lu ai. Maigan de gaw machyi yang tsi manu grai laja ai majaw grai hkam kaja ra ai. Tsi jep n awng ai majaw hpaji madang dep nna English laika ram tim maigan de jawng n lu lung ai masha grai nga ai.

Maigan dakkasu ni hta subject langai mi hpe lani mi hkying hkum mi chyen, laban bat mi hta manga ya, shata lahkawng sharin yang 1 credit hour ngu sawn ya nna jawng shabrai hpe hta ma ai. Bachelor degree a matu 1 credit hour hta US$ 50 daram, Masters degree a matu 1 credit hour hta US$ 100 daram, doctoraate degre a matu 1 credit hour hta US$ 150 daram bang ra ai. Jawng langai hte langai mung n bung ai. Philippines, India hkan jawng shabrai hkyam sa tim UK(England), USA(America) hkan gaw jawng shabrai grai laja ai. Janwg grau kaja ai kaw jawng shabrai grau kaba ai. Mying nau n pru ai jwng ni hta jawng shabrai loi hpa ai. Master degree langai mi lu la na matu credit hours 80 hte 120 daram shangut ra ai. Doctorate degree a matu credit hours 40 hta n yawm ai shangut la ra ai. MPhil.(Master of Philosophy), MA(Master of Arts) ni hpe jawng n kau mi hta laning mi hte shangut la mai ai. Dai hpang PhD degree hpe 3 ning kaw na 5 ning laman shangut la mai nga ai. Janwg law malawng hta Masters degree hpe 5 ning laman shangut la ra ai. PhD degre hpe 8 ning lamna shangut la ra ai. Jawng nkau mi hta research PhD program nga ai. Dai gaw shawng nnan na first semester langai(shata mali) lung nna tinang buga de sawk sagawn ai research bungli wa galaw let coursework hpe shangut la mai ai. Coursework la nga ai laman mung shaning shagu na jawng shabrai man man bang nga ra ai. Coursework ngut ai hpang research papers, project ministry report ni tang ngut ai hpang dissertation(thesis) ka ra ai. Master degre langai mi a matu thesis hpe yawm dik laika man 75 ka nna shamyet shanat ai laika (bibliography) jahpan hta laika buk 60 kaw na shiga mahkawng la ai lam madun ra ai. Doctorate degree a matu dissertation(thesis) langai mi hta n law dik laika man 100 hte shamyet shanat ai laika (bibliography)100 madun ra ai. Jawng nkau mi hta doctoral degree a matu dissertation hpe laika man 300 kaw nna 500 ka shangun ma ai. Dai htapreface, forward,abstract, appendix n hti shalawm ai. Thesis tang ngut jang oral defense ngu ai tinang ka ai thesis hpe professor ni a man de shang nna n-gup aga hte htai ai mung naw awng ra nga ai. Oral defense lahkawng lang hkrat jang galoi mung degree n mai lu mat chye nga ai. Masat da ya ai aten ladaw laman n lu shangut la yang jawng ma jahpan kaw na shapraw kau nna degree n mai lu mat ai. Dai hta n-ga jawng lung shaning shagu hta average grade 3.0 hta n yawm ai hku lu ra ai. Shing n rai jang jawng kaw na jahkring kau ai hkrum na rai nga ai. Dai majaw jawng ma jahpan hta incomplete (n shakre la ai) ngu ka da ma ai. PhD lung ai jawng ma marai 10 hta marai 8 hte 9 gaw n shangut la ai hkring mat chye nga ai. Nkau mi jawng lung shaning nau na mat ai majaw gumhpraw garum ai ni masat da ai hta jan nna n lu karum mat ai. Shaloi hpaji n lu matut sharin la mat chye nga ai.

Myen mung kata na masha ni maigan de jawng lung na matu Myen asuya dat ai jawng ma sha n rai yang jawng lung na ngu nna passport n mai shawk ai. Maigan de bungli sa galaw na ngu nna shore job bungli shaga ai laika hte passport shawk la ra ai. Shore job hte passport shawk yang Myen asuya gaw tinang sa na mungdan hta hkan nna shang gumhpraw masat da ya ai. Ga shadawn- USA (America) de sa na rai yang n law dik shata mi US$ 600 lu ai bungli madun ra ai. Malaysia de pru na passport shawk yang n law dik shata mi Malaysian Ringgit 600 lu ai bungli lu ai hku madun ra ai. Thai mungdan de sa yang n law dik Thai Baht 5,000 shabrai sha ai bungli hku invitation madun ra ai. Dai shang gumhpraw hta hkan nna shata shagu na madun da ai shang gumhpraw a htam shi hta htam mi hpe tinang jawng sa lung ai mungdan e nga ai Myen sumtsan rung(Embassy) de shat 3 hta kalang rai rai, shata 6 hta kalang rai rai, laning mi hta kalang rai rai pawng nna sa bang ra ai. Ga shadawn- US$ 6oo lu ai ngu madun yang shata shagu US$ 60 hpe Myen asuya de income tax ngu nna bang ra ai. Dai n bang yang passport aten htum ai shaloi shaning bai n jat ya ai hta n ga, Myen mung de bai shang wa yang Asuya tara upadi hte maren agying shawa sha na rai nga ai. Tinang lung na jawng hta admission (jawng shang ahkang) lu ai hpang jawng kaw na shaga laika shagun ya na rai nga ai. Dai laika hpe Yangon kaw nga ai dai mungdan a sumtsan rung (Embassy) hta visa (mungdan shang ahkang)sa shawk ra ai. Shaloi shata masum hta jan nna sa nga lu ai non-immigrant visa ngu ai nhtoi matut jat la mai ai hpan visa jaw na rai nga ai. Dai majaw maigan de jawng lung mayu yang jawng shabrai a matu laning mi US$ 2,000-3,000, boarding(hostel) a matu laning mi US$ 10,000, lusha a matu laning ni US$ 3,000, visa extension a matu US$ 100, Myen sumtsan rung(embassy) de income tax(bungli n galaw tim) shata mi US$ 60, laika buk mari na, tsi mawan, hkawm wa hkawm sa jarit, kaga ra mara a matu laning mi US$ 2,000 hkyak hkyak lu da ra nga ai. Dai majaw Sinna mungdan na PhD degree langai mi lu la na matu baw-nu arang, aten arang, myit arang, hta ja gumhpraw arang mung US$ 100,000-200,000 ( US dollar sen mi hte sen lahkawng) ma ra na rai nga ai. Dik shale laning mi na jarit US$ 8,000-10,000 madun ra nga ai. Dai hpe gara hku lu la na rai ta?

Chyum jawng sara ni gaw chyum jawng sara shalat fund(maigan scholarship) hte lung shangut la ma ai. Kaga sasana magam gun ai ni mung shaning kade magam gun sai ngu ai hta hkan nnashi a denomination hte shi karum ai scholarship hte lung la ma ai. Tinang a mungkan hpaji secular education hte seng nna mung shi na hte shi madi shadaw ai uhpung uhpawng ni nga ma ai. Ga shadawn- Mung masa hte seng ai uhpung uhpawng ni mung shi na hte shi, journalism hte seng nna mung shi na hte shi, Linguistics hte seng nna mung shi na hte shi scholarship amyu myu nga nga ai. Loi dik gaw maigan de hpaji sharin nga ai ni, shing n rai maigan dakkasu ni kaw na hpaji janmau degree gup wa sai ni hpe hkrum shaga san la yang gara hku hpaji hpungjat la lu ai lam ading tawk chye lu na rai nga ai. Maigan de n lu sa lung yang sumtsan laika htinglet ai (extension degree program) ni hpe la yang Myen mung kata, htingbu Thai mungdan, India mungdan kata e nga nna maigan hpaji janmau MA, MSc, PhD lu gup la mai nga ai. Dai gaw passpport mung n shawk ra, visa mung n hpyi ra, income tax mung n bang ra, garen gari mung n hkrum hkawm, jawng sa hjawng wa mung n yak, maigan amyu masha ni hte htung hking n bung, ga n bung, akyang n bung, lusha n bung ai majw byin ai manghkang amyu myu mung n katut sha, jawng shabrai mung grai hkyam sa ai hku mai shangut la ai lam rai nga ai. (Nau galu mat sai majaw hpang na laika ngau hta she bai matut saga).

Dr Kha Lum

ENGLISH LAIKA HTI LADAT

DrKhaLum

Manang langai mi tsun yu ai: "Inglik laika hti gaw chye hti ai law, n chye na ai sha ra ai," da. Mungkan ntsa e hpaji amyu myu hpe English laika hku ka da ai majaw English laika hpe chye hti yang manu dan ai sutgan amyu myu bang da ai sadek zaw amyu myu hpe mai hpaw ai zaw lagut lu da ai hte bung nga ai. Dai hta n-ga English laika amyu mi hpe atsawm sha chye yang kaga ga amyu 10 chye ai hta grau akyu rawng nga ai. Mungkan Wunpawng hpung a Amu Madu kaba (UN General Secretary) tai lai mat wa yu sai Myen mung na U Thant gaw Myen ga hte English ga amyu lahkawng sha chye ai wa rai nga ai.

English laika sharin hka ja ai masha langai mi hku nna loi ai laika buk paper back edition ni lu hti na matu Englsih ga hkum 2000 daram hpe chye tawn ra ai. Dakkasu hpaji janmau bachelor degree a matu gaw tinang sharin la nga ai subject hte seng ai English ga hkum 4000 daram chye tawn ra ai. Master degree hte doctorate degree a matu gaw tinang la ai subject hte seng ai laika hkum yawm dik 6000-10000 daram chye tawn ra ai majaw n chye ai n nga ai daram rai ra sai.

Bachelor degree lu sai ni mung English laika hti lawan na matu gara hku shaman la ra a ta? nga nna san chye ma ai. American Gumsan magam tai lai wa sai Bill Clinton gaw laika man 300 rawng ai laika buk langai mi hpe minute 30 hte lu hti lam chye lu ai. Laika hti lawan ai gaw hpaji langai mi rai nga ai. Laika hti lawan ai masha ni gaw tinang hti ai laika hpe grau chye na ai hta n ga grau mung matsing nga ma ai. Laika hti lanyan ai masha ni gaw hpang daw de hti nga yang shawng daw de na lam ni malap kau ai majaw laika buk mi htiu ngut ai hpang dai laiak buk hta hpa baw ka da ai hpe bai san yang kaang hkup pyi n lu tsun dan ma ai. Dai hta n ga laika buk hta ka da ai lam ni gayau mat nna shi na hte shi hkrak hkrak bai n chye tsun nna kapik kapawk rai nhti n htang bai tsun dan ma ai. Docotral degree a matu shana shagu laika man 25 (single space) research paper man man ka ra yang laika buk 10 hte 20 lapran hti ra ai. Laika hti lanyan ai wa a matu nhtoi garai n htoi yang gara hku paper ka shangut lu na rai ta?

Laika hti lawan ai ngu ai gaw tinang chye tawn chyalu ga baw subject hte tinang myit lawm ai ga baw subject hta madung rai nga ai. JJawng laika hti yang grai lanyan ai numsha langai mi sumroi laika, sumrai laika ni grai lawan hti lu ai n rai ni? Chyum jawng sara langai mi gaw Karai hpaji*theology) hte seng ai laika buk hpe lawan wan hti nna atsawm chye na tim, tsi hpaji(medicine) hte seng ai laika, shing n rai gaw gap hpaji(Engineering) hpaji hte seng ai laika, shing n rai hpungtang hpaji (nuclear science) hte seng ai laika hti yang grai lanyan na sha rai nga ai. Dai gaw shi chye tawn da sai ga baw subject hte seng nna ka da ai laika ni hpe grai chye na lawan nna hti lawan ai rai nga ai. Bill Clinton a gaw mung masa laika hpe lawan wan lu hti tim hpungtang hpaji hte seng ai laika hti yang grai lanyan na rai nga ai. Shing n rai Myen laika hti shangun yang grai lanyan na rai nga ai.

Dai majaw English laika hpe lawan wan chye hti nna atsawm chye na mayu yang:

(1) Tinang myit lawm ai laika hpe lata hti ra ai. Ga shadawn: ginsup ai lam hpe myit lawm yang shata kru daram ginsup ai hte seng ai laika, magazine, articles, shiga news ni hpe sha shani shagu laika man langai lahkawng man man hti ra ai. Dai shata kru laman kaga laika ga baw subject hpe gayau hti yang bawnu kata de gayau mat nna gara mung a tsawm n chye ai byin wa lu ai. Lit baw ai zawn bawnu kata de atsawm sha baw bang yang she bai shaw jai ai shaloi hkrak hkrak bai pru wa ai. Gayau gaya baw bang yang gayau gaya pru wa nna laika hti lanyan ai hta n ga atsawm n chye na ai lam byin chye ai. Dai hta n ga tinang myit lawm ai ga baw hpe hti shaman yang graau chye na magang grau chye jat mayu magang rai nna myiut gang ai n-gun grai ja nga ai. Tinang myit n lawm ai ga baw subject hpe hti yang, grai kadawng lung ai zawn nga nna myit daw loi nga ai.

(2) Dictionary kaja hpe akyu jashawn ra ai. English laika gaw grai dam lada ai rai nna shani shagu ga si ga hkum nnan ni jat nga ai. Dai majaw English mashsa ni pyi dictionary(ga htai chyum) hpe ayan e hpaw hti nga ai hpe anhte mu lu ai. English n re ai anhte gaw grau nna dictionary galam na n mai lagawn ai. Dictionary mung htat magang kaja magang rai nga ai. Nau hpa, nau kaji ai dictionary ni gaw tinang ra ai laika hkum n lawm chye ai. Dai hta n-ga nau na sai dictionary ni mung ga hkum nnan ni n rawng ai kajaw akyu nau n pru nga ai. Hpang jahtum dip shapraw ai Webster's Dictionary, Randomhouse Dictionary, Advanced Oxford Learner's Dicitonary zawn re ai ni gaw hpaji hka ja ai jawng ma ni a matu grai akyu rawng nga ai. Dai hta n-ga, tinang hjka ja nga ai hpaji hte seng ai dictionary ni hpe mung chye lang ra ai. Ga shadawn: Bible Dictionary, Dictionary of Modern Philosophy, Environment Dictionary, Glossary of medical terminology, zawn re ai ni hpe mari lang chye ra ai.

(3) Laika hti ai shaloi akhkyak lareng ni hpa baw re ai hpe tinang hkrai ga san saqn nna matsing tawn ra ai. Laika buk a shawng daw de ka da ai malawm ni hpe yu ra ai. Laika ka sara wa a lam hpe mung hti da ra ai. Laika buk a shingdu maga kata na laika man shing n rai. laika buk makawp hkan e laika ka ai wa a lam kadun hku ka da chye ai. Laika ka ai wa a lam chye jang shi gara maga masa hta tsap nn dai laika hpe ka da ia tau chye lu na rai nga ai.

(4) Tinang hka ja nga ai laika hte seng ai laika buk law law hti ra ai. Dai hku nna ga baw (subject) langai mi hte seng ai laika buk law law hpe hti wa ai shaloi, tinang bai hta hti ai laika buk nnan ni hta rawng ai lam ni gaw, mi shawng daw de hti ngut sai laika ni hta rawng ai lam ni bai kahtap rawng ai hpe mu mada na rai nga ai. Myit nshat idea nnan lahkawng masum sha mu hti jat na rai nga ai. Shaloi ahkyak ga lareng key words ni hpe tam hti yang dai laika buk hta rawng ai l;am ni hpe ali sha matsing la lu nga ai. Key words ni hpe gaw laika buk shingdu jahtum maga appendix shing n rai wordlist shing n rai glossary ngu ai daw hta ka bang da ai mu lu nga ai.

(5) Laika hti ai shaloi n-gup n galem ai sha myi hte hti ra ai. N-gup galem nga yang laika hti grai lanyan na rai nga ai. Lata layung madi nna layung hpe hkan ai hku hti yang mung laika hti lanyan na rai nga ai. Laika hti lawan ai ni gaw pai de nna hkra de n hti ai sha, laika man lahta maga de nna lawu de dingdung hku hti ma ai. Shing rai nna, shi laika, magazine ni hpe dingdung hku hti mai na matu, laika man mi hta column kaji lahkawng shing n rai masum garan nhtawm dip ai rai nga ai.
(6) Laika hti ai shara gaw nhtoi atsawm leng ai shara rai ra ai. Myi atsawm n mu yang mung laika hti lanyan chye nga ai. Mai byin yang Karai Kasang jw ai nhtoi (natural light) gaw kaja dik rai nga ai. Myi set set ai ni mung tinang a myi hte hkrak ai myi set degree rai ra ai. Hkauna htu ai wa gaw na hpru na jawn ni hpe kaja dik mari jahkum lang ai hte maren, laika hti ai ni mung myi set atsawm hkrak re ai lahkawng masum mari jahkum lang chye ra ai.

(7) Laika garai n hti yang hte laika hti ngut ai hpang tinang hpa baw hti la nga ai ai lam myit sumru chye ra ai. Shaloi she tinang hti ai laika hpe garai n malap yang bai shalum ai tai nna grau matsing nga ai. Ga shadawn: kadai gaw kadai hpe hpa baw tsu ai, hpa majaw dai hku tsun ai, kaga lam hku gara hku naw mai tsun ai, tinang myit hkrum ai lam, hpa majaw myit hkrum ai, myit n hkrum ai lam ni gaw hpa majaw myit n hkrum lawm ai, tinang a matu gara mahtang akyu jashawn mai na, gara hku tatut jai lang na ngu ai lam ni hpe laika hti wa let e myit sumru mat wa ra ai. Tinang myit lu ai lam ni hpe mung notes kadun ni ka matsing mat wa ra ai. Ndai hku shani shagu man man htu shamna yang English laika sha n-ga Jinghpaw laika, Myen laika ni hpe mung lawan wan chye hti nna atsawm lu matsing na rai nga ai.

Master scholarships

Dear All,

Heinrich Boell Foundation, Southeast Asia Regional Office, holds an annual scholarship competition for a small number of students from Myanmar/Burma to study at two Thai premier Universities offering three international Programs specifically designed for younger generation candidates from Myanmar/Burma.

Application forms and entrance qualifications for the international Programs of the respective Universities are available at web links provided below and at our Website

http://www.boell-southeastasia.org/web/141.html

· The Master of Arts in International Development Studies (MAIDS) Program at Chulalongkorn University's Faculty of Political Science; http://www.ids.polsci.chula.ac.th/

· The Master of Arts in Sustainable Development of the Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development (RCSD) at Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Social Sciences; http://rcsd.soc.cmu.ac.th/

· The International Master of Economics Program of the Faculty of Economics (MEcon) at Chiang Mai University; http://fuangfah.econ.cmu.ac.th/programs.asp#2

The selection process is highly competitive. Students for the Scholarship Program are selected by both the Foundation and the respective Universities in an open competition.

The Program Coordinator will conduct interviews with interested candidates for the Scholarship Program on December 6^th and 7^th in Yangon. For further information pls. contact olga@hbfasia.org

We kindly ask for your assistance in forwarding the relevant information and documents to interested parties and suitable candidates.

Thank you very much for the distribution.

Warm regards,

Olga

PLEASE NOTE:
I will leave my position by 31st of December 2009; my emails will be then forwarded to Mr. Rainer Einzenberger (Assistant to the Director). Pls. email any further inquiries after Dec. 2009 to Rainer at rainer@hbfasia.org .I can then be reached at olgad@arcor.de

Olga Duchniewska

Programme Coordinator

Myanmar/Burma

Heinrich Boell Foundation

Southeast Asia Regional Office

Chiang Mai, Thailand

Tel.: 66 053 810430 -2 Ext. 128

Fax 66 053 810124

www.boell-southeastasia.org/

Mailing Address:

POB 119 Chiang Mai University Post Office

Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand