Ludu Sein Win is a well-respected lifelong teacher, educator, writer and journalist in Burma.
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Monday, December 14, 2009
Burma's SPDC Needs A Real Stick
A comment to The Irrawaddy magazine's "Obama Warns Dictators of 'Consequences' in Nobel Acceptance Speech" http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17383
Contradictory approaches between the US/Western and Asian have failed Burmese citizens suffering from ongoing human right violation over the past decades.
The West's efforts are limited when they also look for national interests (American security and oil) rather than what Burmese citizens need which is toppling the military dictatorship and restoring the federal democracy.
As conservative Asians, China, India and ASEAN have not really cared what is happening in neighboring Burma. Human rights and universal values are too far away from the brains of Asian leaders. What Asian leaders prioritize is solely business and national interest.
Racist and notorious regimes like Burmese SPDC require a realistic stick (real engagement with pressure both diplomacy and military means) to make them to have a wish to release political prisoners including Suu Kyi and to return the power to the citizen which they have robbed since 1988.
Burma need a real stick, not only verbal pressure.
Contradictory approaches between the US/Western and Asian have failed Burmese citizens suffering from ongoing human right violation over the past decades.
The West's efforts are limited when they also look for national interests (American security and oil) rather than what Burmese citizens need which is toppling the military dictatorship and restoring the federal democracy.
As conservative Asians, China, India and ASEAN have not really cared what is happening in neighboring Burma. Human rights and universal values are too far away from the brains of Asian leaders. What Asian leaders prioritize is solely business and national interest.
Racist and notorious regimes like Burmese SPDC require a realistic stick (real engagement with pressure both diplomacy and military means) to make them to have a wish to release political prisoners including Suu Kyi and to return the power to the citizen which they have robbed since 1988.
Burma need a real stick, not only verbal pressure.
Monday, December 7, 2009
Bama military leaders force Kachin to have an independence country, I think
SPDC Commander Ordered to remove Bhamo Kachin cultural symbols after festival
Kachin News, http://www.kachinnews.com/News/Orders-to-remove-Bhamo-Kachin-cultural-symbols-after-festival.html
Such SPDC's discrimination policies again remind all Kachin people to keep
in mind that Kachins do not benefit anything from joining the Union of Burma.
Instead, Kachin suffered their rights throughout the history of the central
Bama-dominated government since 1948. Panglong Agreement, the spirit of the Union of Burma was ignored and destroyed. The entire country was overruled and dominated by the SPDC for more than a half century while downplaying/oppressing ethnic's political, social and economic rights.
In fact, Bama military leaders and politicians do not want racial harmony and political equality. Moreover SPDC is inciting ethnic nationalities to revolt against the central government by insulting basic human rights of ethnic people such as destroying Kachin Manau post. This means Bama-dominated SPDC want Kachin to separate from the Union and to have an independent Kachin Country.
I want to ask SPDC whether you prefer either "Federal Democratic Union" or "Independence Kachin Country." All Kachin hearts tell either one. Otherwise Burma will never find a peace and this armed struggle will last until the end of this earth.
Or maybe one day, if all Burmese politicians still believe in out-of-date politics of one nationality dominate over others (practice in feudal era), one Ethnic group of Burma will overturn the situation and dominate the whole Burma just as what the Bama-dominated SPDC does. Like Mon Empire and Yakhaine Empore before Bama Kungbong Khit! Do Bama want this or federal democracy?
Kachin News, http://www.kachinnews.com/News/Orders-to-remove-Bhamo-Kachin-cultural-symbols-after-festival.html
Such SPDC's discrimination policies again remind all Kachin people to keep
in mind that Kachins do not benefit anything from joining the Union of Burma.
Instead, Kachin suffered their rights throughout the history of the central
Bama-dominated government since 1948. Panglong Agreement, the spirit of the Union of Burma was ignored and destroyed. The entire country was overruled and dominated by the SPDC for more than a half century while downplaying/oppressing ethnic's political, social and economic rights.
In fact, Bama military leaders and politicians do not want racial harmony and political equality. Moreover SPDC is inciting ethnic nationalities to revolt against the central government by insulting basic human rights of ethnic people such as destroying Kachin Manau post. This means Bama-dominated SPDC want Kachin to separate from the Union and to have an independent Kachin Country.
I want to ask SPDC whether you prefer either "Federal Democratic Union" or "Independence Kachin Country." All Kachin hearts tell either one. Otherwise Burma will never find a peace and this armed struggle will last until the end of this earth.
Or maybe one day, if all Burmese politicians still believe in out-of-date politics of one nationality dominate over others (practice in feudal era), one Ethnic group of Burma will overturn the situation and dominate the whole Burma just as what the Bama-dominated SPDC does. Like Mon Empire and Yakhaine Empore before Bama Kungbong Khit! Do Bama want this or federal democracy?
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Jahten A-grawp kau hkrum ai Manmaw Manau Wang
Tsawra ai,
Nu Wa, Hpu Nau, Kana Kajan Wunpawng Jinghpaw Amyu sha yawng hpang de lawu na laka hpe aja awa myit sa wa lu na matu ka tang dat ga ai.
Manmaw Buga Wunpawng Jinghpaw Amyu Sha ni a Manau Shadung hte Manau Wang hpe Manmaw Hk Y K Ningbaw Hpyendu Kaba nan woi awn nna jahten, htu, a-grawp kau ya ai lam gaw, Manmaw Buga WP Jinghpaw ni hpe sha nrai Mungkan ting sak-hkrung chyam bra nga ai Wunpawng Jinghpaw yawng hpe sawng dik ai hku nna roi ai, ga law saw ai, jahte tam ai nan rai nga sai. Dai hta jan nna Amyu shada da a lapran hta roi rip hkat ai lam kaga nnga na sai.Bai dai Manmaw Manau Wang hpe jahtyen a-grawp kau ngut ai hpang, Manmaw, BMO HK Y K ningbaw wa gaw NANHTE JINGHPAW NI MUNGDAN A MATU HPA BAW AKYU RAWNG A TA?. ngu araw jaw ai sha n-ga MANAU HPE NUM HPU PRANG KAW MI RAI RAI, TSING-DU PA KAW RAI RAI GALAW MU ngu nna mung shawa a man kaw nan tsun ai da.
Manau Shadung hte Manau Wang ngu ai gaw, WP Jinghpaw Amyu sha ni a matu tsawdik ai htunghking rai sai, dai hta tsaw ai kaga htunghking nnga ai, moi gaw hkristan nbyin shi ai ten, tsawhtum Madai Nat hpe jaw jau nna galaw ai htunghking kaba re, Manau wang kata nse nsa tsep-kawp nmai galaw ai sha n-ga shana e gadai pyi nmai lai ai, dai sha n-ga Manau nau ai shaning dai mare e masha si ai raitim aga de makoi mayang kadai n-galaw ai, ngu mayu ai gaw dai ginra lamu ga hta kadai nhtu kajam sai, manau dum na jaba wawt yu nhtawm jaba pru ai hte dai manau wang hpe kadai sa kajam nmai sai, sa jahten/sa kajam ai wa, ni gaw dai amyu sha ni a hpyen rai sai, dai sa jahten ai wa hpe sat kau lu ai shani shing nrai dai wa kaw na hpyi-nyem tawngban wa ai lam sha nnga yang nsim nsa gasat gala mat wa na lam sha nga sai, ndai amu gaw W/P Jinghpaw Mungkan ting (India, China, Burma) na WP Jinghpaw Amyu sha hkum ting dek shagu hpe lukdik lukga e baw bye ya ai hta grau sawng mat sai lam re.
Myen ni dai daram roi wa nga tim, hpa hpe naw la nga ga ai ta?
myen hpe hkrit ai majaw anhte WP Jinghpaw ni a nga grin galu kaba sa wa ai lam hta akyu rawng wa nga a ni?, ndai bungli gaw amyu sha mying gun nna shamu shamawt nga ai uhpung yawng hta lit nga ai re, lit htawt ap taw na lam nnga ai.
Moi Laika Jaw Masat hta e kalang Manau Shadung baw katut sai, dai shaloi gaw Jinghpaw mung e nre majaw ngu myit la ai majaw ngu saka, ndai gaw Jinghpaw Mung e nan rai nga sai, ya mung Ma-Ah ni zawn mau shalai kau sa-yang gaw anhte daram shagri nkung ai amyu sha mungkan hta nau pyi nnga na sai.
hpa majaw anhte a htunghking hpe anhte a ginra hta jahten ai rai ta? daini na ten Wunpawng Mungdan kata shara magup she yu jin wa hkra Myen ngu ai pyi n-nga ai ginra hkan e Myen Budda Gawk-ngu ni shadun mat wa ai gaw kadai nmai hkra, nmai hpu shanhte kam ai hku galaw mai wa ai mungdaw/mungdan byin wa nga sai hpe nang hte nseng ai zawn sha naw nga nga na ga ai kun?
Myen nkau gaw anhte hpe labau nchye ai ni zawn mana shatai nhtawm, Bhamo ngu ai gaw moi kaw na Myen Sam ni a shara re nga tsun na ma ai.
Laika ka sara John Anderson(1867-68) ka tawn ai "A Report on The Expedition to Western Yunan Via Bhamo" ngu ai laika, laika man 216-9 lapran hta sanglang tawn ai gaw Moi na Manmaw Mare ngu ai gaw hka makau e de tawn ai rai nna nta 400 loi jan nga ai, galu de deng mi galu nhtawm malawng maga Sam amyu sha ni hte Lawu mung na Myen ni sa bu htawt nga ai re lam, dai Mare a deng 3 jan grup grup gra gra de gaw jinghpaw(Kahkyen) ni dam lada ai ginra ni hta mare de nhtawm nga shanu wa ai lam asan sha ka tawn ai.
Bai, Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry 1947 Report Part I laika buk laika man 3 hta mung Bhamo District e nga ai amyu sha ni a Yup-tung jahpan hpe lawu na hte maren ka tawn ai.
(ii) (a) Bhamo District
Area ............................................. 4,148 sq. miles
Total Population............................... 129,000
Part I Population 52,000
Part II Population .............................. 77,000
Population by Races.
Kachin ........................................... 49,794 or 38.6 %
Shan .................................................. 36,765 or 28.5%
Burmese Group ................................... 33,540 or 26.0%
Indian, Chinese and others .................. 8,901 or 6.9 %
moi na Manmaw Mare gaw Sam ni malawng ngu na nga lai wa ai Sam mare re hpe gaw labau hta ka tawn nga ai, raitim dai aten(1947ning) lahta Sam Mung e nga ai jinghpaw gaw 71,070 re majaw Sam hte Jinghpaw Amyu sha ni hku nna tinang a mungdaw masat daidaw la ai hpang rapra ai hku nga pra sa wa na ngu ai ga shaka nga tawn ai hte maren langai a htung hking hpe langai hkungga hkat na lam sha nga ai, Myen wa raitim Kachin State ngu nna dai daw tawn sai lamu ga hta shahte kam ai hku sa roi na lam tsep-kawp nnga ai, Anhte a Manau shadung hpe htu agrawp kau ya ai zawn shan hte a Gawkngu ni hpe dai hte maren anhte galaw yang hpabaw byin wa na ta?
ndai gaw Tinng Ying Hpung, Zawng Hra Hpung Lasang wa a Hpung KBC, Kahtawlik ...etc. ngu taw ai baw nre, yawng a htunghking re majaw yawng kaw na aja awa ninghkap ra ai bungli re lam hpe Wungpawng Amyu sha kaji kaba yawng hpang de shadum shana dat ai lam rai ga ai.
Maigan du Wunpawng Jinghpaw Amyusha Hpung(OKA)
ps. 3/4 ya laman Myen laika hte ndai lam hte la-kap nhtawm statement langai shapraw lu na matu bawng jahkrup nga ga ai.
Monday, November 16, 2009
Kachin Manau Dance Site Bulldozed by SPDC
Burmese military authorities by using bulldozes destroyed a Kachin Manau festival site in Bhamo, Kachin State on November 12, just ahead of the traditional dance ceremony due on November 26. The Irrawaddy's news "Kachin Manau Dance Site Bulldozed"
These the evidence of the Burmese SPDC regime’s racist and discriminating policies and actions against ethnic people in Burma.
Current Burman military leaders have very little patience in culture biodiversity and mutual understanding. Ethnic's language, literature, culture and history are never allowed to teach in public school in Burma. Worse, such ethnic culture heritage sites were being destroyed.
These are the regime’s very serious racial and basic human rights violations against ethnic people. These are also the reasons prompting ethnic people to hold guns and fight!
The UN and International Community should speak up against such actions. Burman leaders and future Burma will have to pay for such discrimination and human rights violation.
Friday, November 13, 2009
2010 Scholarhsip/ Universities gara hku Apply na? Sang lang ai lam
De,
Tsawra ai manaw manang ni,
2010 shaning maigan e jawng lung mayu ai ni aq matu scholarship forms ni pru sai re. Ndai scholarship ni gaw Bachelor, Master and PhD degrees yawng hpe jaw ai. Scholarship apply ten gaw November kawn March shata du hkra rai na re. Scholarship agencies hta hkan n’na, application deadline langai hte langai n’bung ai.
Asia Pacific Scholarship Consortium gaw December 1, 2009 kaw deadline htum sai. Supplementary Grant Program Burma gaw March 15, 2010. Prospect Burma gaw March 31, 2010 kaw deadline htum sai re. Dai majaw aten dep, ndai November shata kawn apply mat wa na re. Scholarship lu n’lu result gaw March, April and May shata hkan law malawng chye ai. Scholarship lu la ai nig aw, June, July, August, and September shata hkan e university enrolment hpang mat wa ai re.
Shaning shagu ndai Agencies ni kawn myenmung masha 100 hkawt hpe scholarship jaw ai. Moi 1990s kaw na ya du hkra rai yang myenmung masha Tsa shadang law law hpe jaw ai re. Ndai scholarship agencies ni hte myenmung masha ni hpe lit la na, matut mahkai galaw ya nga ai, Thabyay Education Network aq statistic hku nga yang, 2009 hta e ndai agencies ni kawn scholarship lu let International universities hkan e jawng lung taw nga ai myenmung masha yawng 200 jan re. 200 students hta e Kachin gaw marai 17 re (first to final year).
Ndai statistics hpe yu yang, Kachin ni Scholarship lu la ai Number grai yawm nga ai. Laga myen, kayin, the sam hpu nau ni hta, grau yawm taw nga ai re. Kachin ni scholarship apply ai, lu ai quota grai yawm ai re hpe Donors ni chye ma ai. Lak lai ai hku n'na 2009 hta Kachin marai 8-9 ram scholarship n'nan lu la ma ai. Dai hpe yu yang Kachin ni hpe Scholarship jaw mayu ai, Kachin Quota shalaw mayu ai myit, rawng nga sai re. Dai majaw Kachin ramma ni law law Scholarship apply na hpe ra nga ai re. Ndai scholarship agencies ni sha n’ga, laga law law hte mungkan shara shagup hkan na university ni mung scholarship grai jaw nga ai re. Scholarship jaw ai agencies/universities ni the seng n’na Myanmar Study Abroad www.myanmarstudyabroad.org kaw e information ahkum azup hpe mung mai lu ai. Shang yu ga!
Mang hkang gaw Kachin ni scholarship apply n’galaw ai mang hkang hte, apply mayu ai ni mung, university shang mai na/ scholarship lu main a criteria, n’hpring tsup, ra rawng ai mang hkang rai nga ai. For example; TOEFL N’htai tawn, Documents n’hkum, amyu my aq majaw re hpe, chye lu ai. Hpami rai rai, Tinang byin mayu ai hpe byin hkra galaw mayu ai rai yang gaw, hkyen lajang ai lam, aten jaw ai lam, ra ai documents ni hpe jahkum jazup n’na, ready galaw da ra na re.
Scholarship apply na matu gaw university shang mai na madang/criteria hpring zup ra ai hta sha n’nga, scholarship agencies ni ra sharawng ai criteria hpring zup na mung ra nga ai. Lawu e, university kaw ra ai the scholarship apply yang ra ai criteria hpe tang madun dat ai re.
University Apply ai shaloi ra ai Documents;
(1) TOEFL or IELTS (Scores gaw jawng kaja yang kaja ai hta hkan n’na law law ra ai)
(2) Passport
(3) (3) High School Awng letmat hte Ah-mat-za-yin (Original + Notary)
(4) University transcript if you had attended a university (original + Notary)
Scholarship apply na matu ra ai criteria;
(1) University Admission Letter (or) University langai ngai kaw shawk da sai ngu ra ai
(2) Passport
(3) High School Awng letmat hte Ah mat-za-yin (Original + Notary)
(4) University transcript if you had attended a university (original + Notary)
(5) Working experiences 2 ning nga sai ni, grau n'na chances nga ai
(6) Recommendations 2
(7) 2 or 3 essays
Scholarships law malawng jaw ai subjects ni;
- Community Health
- Development
- Education
- Environment
- Humanities & Social Sciences
- Political Sciences
- Media
- Policy & Administration
- Social Work
- Law
- Economic
Scholarship lu na matu ndai lahta na criteria hpring yang n’yak ai re. Dai majaw apply yu na ahkyek nga ai, 3 hte (APSC, SGPB and PB) kaw apply ga. Essays hte recommendation hkrak hkra ka la na, ahkyek nga ai.
TOEFL scores n'lu shi ai ni aq matu;
Note1: TOEFL n'lu tim, English level tsaw sai ni, University hkan e Entrance Exam htai n'na, Admission Letter lu hkra mai galaw la ai. Dai hpe gaw Tinang lung mayu ai University kaw, sa n’na, sa htai la ra ai re.
Note2: University makau mi hkan e Entrance Exam or TOEFL n’lu tim, Admission Letter lu hkra, mai jahkrup la ai lam nga ai. Dai hpe gaw tinang nan (or) dai jawng kaw lung nga ai tinang aq manang, ni nawn ai ni hpe Negotiate galaw shangun n'na, Admission letter mai hpyi la ai. Jawng yawng gaw n’mai ai re, exceptional hku n’na sha mai ai re. Dai majaw manaw manang ni hte san jahkrup n'na galaw mat yang kaja ai.
Note3; TOEFL htai na matu TOEFL fee n'lu ai ni aq matu myit mada shara; TOEFL fee/ TOEFL laika book & materials mari na matu gumhpraw nlu ai ni, ndai ni hte seng n'na garum ya ai agency langai mi nga ai. EPOP or the Exam Preparation Outreach Program for University Entrance ngai ai re. ndai agency hpe ndai Email: epopasia@gmail.com kaw mai matut mahkai ai.
Myen mung masha ni hpe jaw taw nga ai scholarship ni hpe kachin ni n'lu la ai, shalai kau ai, shaning na na rai wa sai re. Ndai scholarship program ni gaw hta ni hta na, prat ting jaw nga na ngu n'lu tsun ai. Jaw ai shaloi chance hpe la lu ai gaw kaja dik re. Kachin Society aq Bawngring lam the shawng lam aq matu, Hpaji chye ai 1, 2, 3 nga na sha mung n'mai ai. Nang ngai Masha langai lahkawng sha, bungli galaw na mung n'mai ai. Society/ community shagu hta, sectors law law nga ai hte maren, Sectors shagu hta tinang aq myu sha, kunghpan, professional chye chyang ai masha ni ready nga ra na re. Yawng jawm shakut yang she awng dang na re. Dai majaw ndai zawn re kunghpan chyechyang ai experts ni nga wa na matu, tinang myu shada ja hkum hpraw hte lu madi shadaw hkat ai ni mung madi shadaw hkat, n'lu madi shadaw ai ni mung, ndai zawn rai scholarship opportunities ni hpe lu la na matu, jawm shakut sa wa ga. Jawng lung taw nga sai ni hte lung mayu ai ni matut mahkai let, tinang chye mayu ai information ni hpe san, jahkrup hkat let, jawm apply sa wa ga. Email hte matut mahkai ga. Manaw manang ni hpe mung garan gachyan ga. Let’s keep in touch and do our best. Then,God will take care the rest!
Cheers,
Hkunsam
Wednesday, November 11, 2009
Maigan De Hpaji Hpungjat Lam (Further Studies)
DrKhaLum
Myen Mungdan kata hta tsang 10 a lawu de na hpaji hpe basic education(npawt nhpang hpaji) ngu shamying ma ai. Tsang 10 a lahta de gaw lahta tsang hpaji shing n rai college education shing n rai university education dakkasu hpaji ngu shamying ma ai. Moi Inglik up ai ten hta tan masum mali rai tim jawng sara mai galaw ai. Rung chyere mai galaw ai. Tan sanit rai yang bum du mai galaw ai. B.A. awng yang ayebyeng mai galaw ai. Ya n mai sai. Lawu tsang jawng sara galaw na matu n law dik B.A., shing n rai B.Sc. awng ra sai. Tsang mali sha awng yang daw-rawan lu na pyi n loi sai. Mung up ai ni mung moi gaw hpunggyi jawng pru ai (hpaji madang khe-thu-mahuk) ni sumtsan salang(ambassador) mai galaw tim ya n mai sai. Moi Abraham Lincoln grai magrau grang nna American gumsan magam lu tim, mungkan ntsa e Abraham Lincoln marai lahkawng n nga ai. Maigan mungdan ni hpaji madang tsaw jat wa ai hte maren i-hteng bu ni mung hka tsaw wawn tsaw hpaji madang tsaw jat ra sai. Sik-hkwi....
Myen mung dan hta tsang shi awng ai hpang college, shing n rai dakkasu shang na matu entrance sanpoi n htai ra ai. Tsang shi hta lu ai amat(marks) hpe yu nna tinang hte gingdan ai degree program la shangun ai rai nga ai. Dakkasu du ai shaloi n law dik mali ning lung nna awng jang she first degree hpaji janmau langai ngai mai lu nga ai. Rai tim, ya Myen mung dan hta Distance Education Program sumtsan laika htinglet masing hpaw tawn da ya ai majaw, laning mi hta shata lahkawng intensive course lung nna sanpoi hpe masum ning shang htai jang B.A. shing n rai B.Sc.degree langai mi jaw nga ai. Ndai hpe undergraduate studies ngu shamying ma ai. Kade daram chye la ai gaw jawng ma ni she chyoi sa.
Matut nna Masters degree program lung mayu yang B.A. shing n rai B.Sc. (Shing n rai BS) marks kaja ra ai. Subject shagu credit marks grade 5 mi n lu tim tinang la ai major subject hta qualified marks grade 4 lu ra ai. Dai mung Myen mung hta sara sarama ni hpe sen gumhpraw law law kahtap nna makai ya yang mai byin ai lam chye lu ai. Ya ten na daram Myen mung dakkasu ni hta Masters degree lu loi ai n nga sai. Grai she sharin la ga. Maigan de du ai shaloi gaw, nang kade chye ai hpe garai n san yang nang hpa baw awng da ai ngu ai grai ahkyak ai. Degree langai ngai n lu yang application shawk na ahkang pyi n mai lu nga ai. Degree shawng lu da nna chye na matu shinggan de hpaji sharin jahkum shatsup la ai mahtang grau loi nga ai. Masters degree program hpe graduate studies ngu shamying ma ai. Dai gaw doctorate matu hkyen lajang ai lam rai nga ai. MB,BS awng ai tsi sarawun doctor ni mung PhD matut lung mayu yang M.MSc.(Master of Medical Science) degree program hpe sharin awng da ra nga ai. Shaloi she shi la ai subject hta hkan nna doctoral studies(Doctor of Medicine shing n rai MD, shing n rai PhD) matut sharin hkam la na rai nga ai.
Masters degree lu ngut ai hpang gaw doctorate degree program(post-graduate studies) hpe matut sharin la na rai nga ai. Ndai doctoral studies gaw tinang sharin hkam la ai hpaji hta madang tsaw dik rai nga ai. B.A. (History) degree lu ai wa gaw M.A. (History) lung awng ngut ai hpang PhD in History degree hpe lu a na rai nga ai. B.Sc. (Botany) degree lu sai wa gaw M.Sc.(Botany) lung ngut jang PhD in Botany lu la na rai nga ai. PhD gaw myit sumru nna manghkang lama ma a mahtai tam ai madang re ai majaw Doctor of Philosophy degree ngu shamying ai rai nga ai.
Myen mung kata na degree langai ngai n lu ai sha maigan de hpaji matut na mtu pru sa wa yang, tsang 10 madang hte shabung da ai maigan na tsang 12 shing n rai 'O-level' sanpoi hpe htai ra na rai nga ai. Dai maigan na 'O-level' ngu ai sanpoi hpe Myen mung na Master degree lu da sai ni pyi htai yang awng na n loi ai. Education system n bung ai majw mung rai nga ai. Myen mung kata na Bachelor degree langai ngai lu sai rai yang dai 'O-level' sanpoi n htai ra ai majw grai hkyamsa mat ai. Rai tim entrance sanpoi, comprehensive exam, hte English proficiency test shing n rai TOEFL(Test Of English as A Foreign Language marks 550) awng ra ai. Dakkasu nkau mi hta TOEFL 600 hpyi ma ai. Dakkasu nkau mi hta gaw shanhte nan htuk ai English Test htai shangun ma ai. Dakkasu nkau mi hta rai yang TOEFL amat (marks) 450 shing n rai 500 daran lu yang hkap la nna English special course laning mi shajan la shangun chye ma ai. Kaning mi rai rai, maigan de hpaji sharin mayu yang English hpe atsawm sha chye hti chye ka, chye madat, chye shaga nna computer hpe mung chye lang ra nga ai. Dai majaw ya hpang na TOEFL sanpoi ni hta Listening, Structure(Grammar), Reading Comprehension hta n ga, Writing Test hte Speaking Test ni mung shalawm sana lam chye lu ai. Maigan de gaw machyi yang tsi manu grai laja ai majaw grai hkam kaja ra ai. Tsi jep n awng ai majaw hpaji madang dep nna English laika ram tim maigan de jawng n lu lung ai masha grai nga ai.
Maigan dakkasu ni hta subject langai mi hpe lani mi hkying hkum mi chyen, laban bat mi hta manga ya, shata lahkawng sharin yang 1 credit hour ngu sawn ya nna jawng shabrai hpe hta ma ai. Bachelor degree a matu 1 credit hour hta US$ 50 daram, Masters degree a matu 1 credit hour hta US$ 100 daram, doctoraate degre a matu 1 credit hour hta US$ 150 daram bang ra ai. Jawng langai hte langai mung n bung ai. Philippines, India hkan jawng shabrai hkyam sa tim UK(England), USA(America) hkan gaw jawng shabrai grai laja ai. Janwg grau kaja ai kaw jawng shabrai grau kaba ai. Mying nau n pru ai jwng ni hta jawng shabrai loi hpa ai. Master degree langai mi lu la na matu credit hours 80 hte 120 daram shangut ra ai. Doctorate degree a matu credit hours 40 hta n yawm ai shangut la ra ai. MPhil.(Master of Philosophy), MA(Master of Arts) ni hpe jawng n kau mi hta laning mi hte shangut la mai ai. Dai hpang PhD degree hpe 3 ning kaw na 5 ning laman shangut la mai nga ai. Janwg law malawng hta Masters degree hpe 5 ning laman shangut la ra ai. PhD degre hpe 8 ning lamna shangut la ra ai. Jawng nkau mi hta research PhD program nga ai. Dai gaw shawng nnan na first semester langai(shata mali) lung nna tinang buga de sawk sagawn ai research bungli wa galaw let coursework hpe shangut la mai ai. Coursework la nga ai laman mung shaning shagu na jawng shabrai man man bang nga ra ai. Coursework ngut ai hpang research papers, project ministry report ni tang ngut ai hpang dissertation(thesis) ka ra ai. Master degre langai mi a matu thesis hpe yawm dik laika man 75 ka nna shamyet shanat ai laika (bibliography) jahpan hta laika buk 60 kaw na shiga mahkawng la ai lam madun ra ai. Doctorate degree a matu dissertation(thesis) langai mi hta n law dik laika man 100 hte shamyet shanat ai laika (bibliography)100 madun ra ai. Jawng nkau mi hta doctoral degree a matu dissertation hpe laika man 300 kaw nna 500 ka shangun ma ai. Dai htapreface, forward,abstract, appendix n hti shalawm ai. Thesis tang ngut jang oral defense ngu ai tinang ka ai thesis hpe professor ni a man de shang nna n-gup aga hte htai ai mung naw awng ra nga ai. Oral defense lahkawng lang hkrat jang galoi mung degree n mai lu mat chye nga ai. Masat da ya ai aten ladaw laman n lu shangut la yang jawng ma jahpan kaw na shapraw kau nna degree n mai lu mat ai. Dai hta n-ga jawng lung shaning shagu hta average grade 3.0 hta n yawm ai hku lu ra ai. Shing n rai jang jawng kaw na jahkring kau ai hkrum na rai nga ai. Dai majaw jawng ma jahpan hta incomplete (n shakre la ai) ngu ka da ma ai. PhD lung ai jawng ma marai 10 hta marai 8 hte 9 gaw n shangut la ai hkring mat chye nga ai. Nkau mi jawng lung shaning nau na mat ai majaw gumhpraw garum ai ni masat da ai hta jan nna n lu karum mat ai. Shaloi hpaji n lu matut sharin la mat chye nga ai.
Myen mung kata na masha ni maigan de jawng lung na matu Myen asuya dat ai jawng ma sha n rai yang jawng lung na ngu nna passport n mai shawk ai. Maigan de bungli sa galaw na ngu nna shore job bungli shaga ai laika hte passport shawk la ra ai. Shore job hte passport shawk yang Myen asuya gaw tinang sa na mungdan hta hkan nna shang gumhpraw masat da ya ai. Ga shadawn- USA (America) de sa na rai yang n law dik shata mi US$ 600 lu ai bungli madun ra ai. Malaysia de pru na passport shawk yang n law dik shata mi Malaysian Ringgit 600 lu ai bungli lu ai hku madun ra ai. Thai mungdan de sa yang n law dik Thai Baht 5,000 shabrai sha ai bungli hku invitation madun ra ai. Dai shang gumhpraw hta hkan nna shata shagu na madun da ai shang gumhpraw a htam shi hta htam mi hpe tinang jawng sa lung ai mungdan e nga ai Myen sumtsan rung(Embassy) de shat 3 hta kalang rai rai, shata 6 hta kalang rai rai, laning mi hta kalang rai rai pawng nna sa bang ra ai. Ga shadawn- US$ 6oo lu ai ngu madun yang shata shagu US$ 60 hpe Myen asuya de income tax ngu nna bang ra ai. Dai n bang yang passport aten htum ai shaloi shaning bai n jat ya ai hta n ga, Myen mung de bai shang wa yang Asuya tara upadi hte maren agying shawa sha na rai nga ai. Tinang lung na jawng hta admission (jawng shang ahkang) lu ai hpang jawng kaw na shaga laika shagun ya na rai nga ai. Dai laika hpe Yangon kaw nga ai dai mungdan a sumtsan rung (Embassy) hta visa (mungdan shang ahkang)sa shawk ra ai. Shaloi shata masum hta jan nna sa nga lu ai non-immigrant visa ngu ai nhtoi matut jat la mai ai hpan visa jaw na rai nga ai. Dai majaw maigan de jawng lung mayu yang jawng shabrai a matu laning mi US$ 2,000-3,000, boarding(hostel) a matu laning mi US$ 10,000, lusha a matu laning ni US$ 3,000, visa extension a matu US$ 100, Myen sumtsan rung(embassy) de income tax(bungli n galaw tim) shata mi US$ 60, laika buk mari na, tsi mawan, hkawm wa hkawm sa jarit, kaga ra mara a matu laning mi US$ 2,000 hkyak hkyak lu da ra nga ai. Dai majaw Sinna mungdan na PhD degree langai mi lu la na matu baw-nu arang, aten arang, myit arang, hta ja gumhpraw arang mung US$ 100,000-200,000 ( US dollar sen mi hte sen lahkawng) ma ra na rai nga ai. Dik shale laning mi na jarit US$ 8,000-10,000 madun ra nga ai. Dai hpe gara hku lu la na rai ta?
Chyum jawng sara ni gaw chyum jawng sara shalat fund(maigan scholarship) hte lung shangut la ma ai. Kaga sasana magam gun ai ni mung shaning kade magam gun sai ngu ai hta hkan nnashi a denomination hte shi karum ai scholarship hte lung la ma ai. Tinang a mungkan hpaji secular education hte seng nna mung shi na hte shi madi shadaw ai uhpung uhpawng ni nga ma ai. Ga shadawn- Mung masa hte seng ai uhpung uhpawng ni mung shi na hte shi, journalism hte seng nna mung shi na hte shi, Linguistics hte seng nna mung shi na hte shi scholarship amyu myu nga nga ai. Loi dik gaw maigan de hpaji sharin nga ai ni, shing n rai maigan dakkasu ni kaw na hpaji janmau degree gup wa sai ni hpe hkrum shaga san la yang gara hku hpaji hpungjat la lu ai lam ading tawk chye lu na rai nga ai. Maigan de n lu sa lung yang sumtsan laika htinglet ai (extension degree program) ni hpe la yang Myen mung kata, htingbu Thai mungdan, India mungdan kata e nga nna maigan hpaji janmau MA, MSc, PhD lu gup la mai nga ai. Dai gaw passpport mung n shawk ra, visa mung n hpyi ra, income tax mung n bang ra, garen gari mung n hkrum hkawm, jawng sa hjawng wa mung n yak, maigan amyu masha ni hte htung hking n bung, ga n bung, akyang n bung, lusha n bung ai majw byin ai manghkang amyu myu mung n katut sha, jawng shabrai mung grai hkyam sa ai hku mai shangut la ai lam rai nga ai. (Nau galu mat sai majaw hpang na laika ngau hta she bai matut saga).
Dr Kha Lum
ENGLISH LAIKA HTI LADAT
DrKhaLum
Manang langai mi tsun yu ai: "Inglik laika hti gaw chye hti ai law, n chye na ai sha ra ai," da. Mungkan ntsa e hpaji amyu myu hpe English laika hku ka da ai majaw English laika hpe chye hti yang manu dan ai sutgan amyu myu bang da ai sadek zaw amyu myu hpe mai hpaw ai zaw lagut lu da ai hte bung nga ai. Dai hta n-ga English laika amyu mi hpe atsawm sha chye yang kaga ga amyu 10 chye ai hta grau akyu rawng nga ai. Mungkan Wunpawng hpung a Amu Madu kaba (UN General Secretary) tai lai mat wa yu sai Myen mung na U Thant gaw Myen ga hte English ga amyu lahkawng sha chye ai wa rai nga ai.
English laika sharin hka ja ai masha langai mi hku nna loi ai laika buk paper back edition ni lu hti na matu Englsih ga hkum 2000 daram hpe chye tawn ra ai. Dakkasu hpaji janmau bachelor degree a matu gaw tinang sharin la nga ai subject hte seng ai English ga hkum 4000 daram chye tawn ra ai. Master degree hte doctorate degree a matu gaw tinang la ai subject hte seng ai laika hkum yawm dik 6000-10000 daram chye tawn ra ai majaw n chye ai n nga ai daram rai ra sai.
Bachelor degree lu sai ni mung English laika hti lawan na matu gara hku shaman la ra a ta? nga nna san chye ma ai. American Gumsan magam tai lai wa sai Bill Clinton gaw laika man 300 rawng ai laika buk langai mi hpe minute 30 hte lu hti lam chye lu ai. Laika hti lawan ai gaw hpaji langai mi rai nga ai. Laika hti lawan ai masha ni gaw tinang hti ai laika hpe grau chye na ai hta n ga grau mung matsing nga ma ai. Laika hti lanyan ai masha ni gaw hpang daw de hti nga yang shawng daw de na lam ni malap kau ai majaw laika buk mi htiu ngut ai hpang dai laiak buk hta hpa baw ka da ai hpe bai san yang kaang hkup pyi n lu tsun dan ma ai. Dai hta n ga laika buk hta ka da ai lam ni gayau mat nna shi na hte shi hkrak hkrak bai n chye tsun nna kapik kapawk rai nhti n htang bai tsun dan ma ai. Docotral degree a matu shana shagu laika man 25 (single space) research paper man man ka ra yang laika buk 10 hte 20 lapran hti ra ai. Laika hti lanyan ai wa a matu nhtoi garai n htoi yang gara hku paper ka shangut lu na rai ta?
Laika hti lawan ai ngu ai gaw tinang chye tawn chyalu ga baw subject hte tinang myit lawm ai ga baw subject hta madung rai nga ai. JJawng laika hti yang grai lanyan ai numsha langai mi sumroi laika, sumrai laika ni grai lawan hti lu ai n rai ni? Chyum jawng sara langai mi gaw Karai hpaji*theology) hte seng ai laika buk hpe lawan wan hti nna atsawm chye na tim, tsi hpaji(medicine) hte seng ai laika, shing n rai gaw gap hpaji(Engineering) hpaji hte seng ai laika, shing n rai hpungtang hpaji (nuclear science) hte seng ai laika hti yang grai lanyan na sha rai nga ai. Dai gaw shi chye tawn da sai ga baw subject hte seng nna ka da ai laika ni hpe grai chye na lawan nna hti lawan ai rai nga ai. Bill Clinton a gaw mung masa laika hpe lawan wan lu hti tim hpungtang hpaji hte seng ai laika hti yang grai lanyan na rai nga ai. Shing n rai Myen laika hti shangun yang grai lanyan na rai nga ai.
Dai majaw English laika hpe lawan wan chye hti nna atsawm chye na mayu yang:
(1) Tinang myit lawm ai laika hpe lata hti ra ai. Ga shadawn: ginsup ai lam hpe myit lawm yang shata kru daram ginsup ai hte seng ai laika, magazine, articles, shiga news ni hpe sha shani shagu laika man langai lahkawng man man hti ra ai. Dai shata kru laman kaga laika ga baw subject hpe gayau hti yang bawnu kata de gayau mat nna gara mung a tsawm n chye ai byin wa lu ai. Lit baw ai zawn bawnu kata de atsawm sha baw bang yang she bai shaw jai ai shaloi hkrak hkrak bai pru wa ai. Gayau gaya baw bang yang gayau gaya pru wa nna laika hti lanyan ai hta n ga atsawm n chye na ai lam byin chye ai. Dai hta n ga tinang myit lawm ai ga baw hpe hti shaman yang graau chye na magang grau chye jat mayu magang rai nna myiut gang ai n-gun grai ja nga ai. Tinang myit n lawm ai ga baw subject hpe hti yang, grai kadawng lung ai zawn nga nna myit daw loi nga ai.
(2) Dictionary kaja hpe akyu jashawn ra ai. English laika gaw grai dam lada ai rai nna shani shagu ga si ga hkum nnan ni jat nga ai. Dai majaw English mashsa ni pyi dictionary(ga htai chyum) hpe ayan e hpaw hti nga ai hpe anhte mu lu ai. English n re ai anhte gaw grau nna dictionary galam na n mai lagawn ai. Dictionary mung htat magang kaja magang rai nga ai. Nau hpa, nau kaji ai dictionary ni gaw tinang ra ai laika hkum n lawm chye ai. Dai hta n-ga nau na sai dictionary ni mung ga hkum nnan ni n rawng ai kajaw akyu nau n pru nga ai. Hpang jahtum dip shapraw ai Webster's Dictionary, Randomhouse Dictionary, Advanced Oxford Learner's Dicitonary zawn re ai ni gaw hpaji hka ja ai jawng ma ni a matu grai akyu rawng nga ai. Dai hta n-ga, tinang hjka ja nga ai hpaji hte seng ai dictionary ni hpe mung chye lang ra ai. Ga shadawn: Bible Dictionary, Dictionary of Modern Philosophy, Environment Dictionary, Glossary of medical terminology, zawn re ai ni hpe mari lang chye ra ai.
(3) Laika hti ai shaloi akhkyak lareng ni hpa baw re ai hpe tinang hkrai ga san saqn nna matsing tawn ra ai. Laika buk a shawng daw de ka da ai malawm ni hpe yu ra ai. Laika ka sara wa a lam hpe mung hti da ra ai. Laika buk a shingdu maga kata na laika man shing n rai. laika buk makawp hkan e laika ka ai wa a lam kadun hku ka da chye ai. Laika ka ai wa a lam chye jang shi gara maga masa hta tsap nn dai laika hpe ka da ia tau chye lu na rai nga ai.
(4) Tinang hka ja nga ai laika hte seng ai laika buk law law hti ra ai. Dai hku nna ga baw (subject) langai mi hte seng ai laika buk law law hpe hti wa ai shaloi, tinang bai hta hti ai laika buk nnan ni hta rawng ai lam ni gaw, mi shawng daw de hti ngut sai laika ni hta rawng ai lam ni bai kahtap rawng ai hpe mu mada na rai nga ai. Myit nshat idea nnan lahkawng masum sha mu hti jat na rai nga ai. Shaloi ahkyak ga lareng key words ni hpe tam hti yang dai laika buk hta rawng ai l;am ni hpe ali sha matsing la lu nga ai. Key words ni hpe gaw laika buk shingdu jahtum maga appendix shing n rai wordlist shing n rai glossary ngu ai daw hta ka bang da ai mu lu nga ai.
(5) Laika hti ai shaloi n-gup n galem ai sha myi hte hti ra ai. N-gup galem nga yang laika hti grai lanyan na rai nga ai. Lata layung madi nna layung hpe hkan ai hku hti yang mung laika hti lanyan na rai nga ai. Laika hti lawan ai ni gaw pai de nna hkra de n hti ai sha, laika man lahta maga de nna lawu de dingdung hku hti ma ai. Shing rai nna, shi laika, magazine ni hpe dingdung hku hti mai na matu, laika man mi hta column kaji lahkawng shing n rai masum garan nhtawm dip ai rai nga ai.
(6) Laika hti ai shara gaw nhtoi atsawm leng ai shara rai ra ai. Myi atsawm n mu yang mung laika hti lanyan chye nga ai. Mai byin yang Karai Kasang jw ai nhtoi (natural light) gaw kaja dik rai nga ai. Myi set set ai ni mung tinang a myi hte hkrak ai myi set degree rai ra ai. Hkauna htu ai wa gaw na hpru na jawn ni hpe kaja dik mari jahkum lang ai hte maren, laika hti ai ni mung myi set atsawm hkrak re ai lahkawng masum mari jahkum lang chye ra ai.
(7) Laika garai n hti yang hte laika hti ngut ai hpang tinang hpa baw hti la nga ai ai lam myit sumru chye ra ai. Shaloi she tinang hti ai laika hpe garai n malap yang bai shalum ai tai nna grau matsing nga ai. Ga shadawn: kadai gaw kadai hpe hpa baw tsu ai, hpa majaw dai hku tsun ai, kaga lam hku gara hku naw mai tsun ai, tinang myit hkrum ai lam, hpa majaw myit hkrum ai, myit n hkrum ai lam ni gaw hpa majaw myit n hkrum lawm ai, tinang a matu gara mahtang akyu jashawn mai na, gara hku tatut jai lang na ngu ai lam ni hpe laika hti wa let e myit sumru mat wa ra ai. Tinang myit lu ai lam ni hpe mung notes kadun ni ka matsing mat wa ra ai. Ndai hku shani shagu man man htu shamna yang English laika sha n-ga Jinghpaw laika, Myen laika ni hpe mung lawan wan chye hti nna atsawm lu matsing na rai nga ai.
Saturday, November 7, 2009
Master scholarships
Dear All,
Heinrich Boell Foundation, Southeast Asia Regional Office, holds an annual scholarship competition for a small number of students from Myanmar/Burma to study at two Thai premier Universities offering three international Programs specifically designed for younger generation candidates from Myanmar/Burma.
Application forms and entrance qualifications for the international Programs of the respective Universities are available at web links provided below and at our Website
http://www.boell-
· The Master of Arts in International Development Studies (MAIDS) Program at Chulalongkorn University's Faculty of Political Science; http://www.ids.polsci.chula.
· The Master of Arts in Sustainable Development of the Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development (RCSD) at Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Social Sciences; http://rcsd.soc.cmu.ac.th/
· The International Master of Economics Program of the Faculty of Economics (MEcon) at Chiang Mai University; http://fuangfah.econ.cmu.ac.
The selection process is highly competitive. Students for the Scholarship Program are selected by both the Foundation and the respective Universities in an open competition.
The Program Coordinator will conduct interviews with interested candidates for the Scholarship Program on December 6th and 7th in Yangon. For further information pls. contact olga@hbfasia.org
We kindly ask for your assistance in forwarding the relevant information and documents to interested parties and suitable candidates.
Thank you very much for the distribution.
Warm regards,
Olga
PLEASE NOTE:
I will leave my position by 31st of December 2009; my emails will be then forwarded to Mr. Rainer Einzenberger (Assistant to the Director). Pls. email any further inquiries after Dec. 2009 to Rainer at rainer@hbfasia.org .I can then be reached at olgad@arcor.de
Olga Duchniewska
Programme Coordinator
Myanmar/Burma
Heinrich Boell Foundation
Southeast Asia Regional Office
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Tel.: 66 053 810430 -2 Ext. 128
Fax 66 053 810124
Mailing Address:
POB 119 Chiang Mai University Post Office
Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand
Tuesday, October 20, 2009
Militia Groups tai mat sai, Grau Maja Nga Ra sai
Lasang Awng Wa Peace Group's soldiers in Lawa Yang base before transforming a Militia group.Yana zawn rai, KDA Militia, NDA-K Militia, Lawa Yang Militia, ni byin wa ai gaw, Kachin ni hkrat sum ai Kumla rai sai. ShawngLawt n’nan hpang wa ai shaloi na, Yaw Shada lam, Pungdung na ni hpe, ndai hpung ni Kabai da ra wa sai. Myen hpyen hte rau yup, rau sha, Myen shangun ai Order hkan galaw na she, malawng wa sai.
Ndai hku tsun na, ndai Uhpung ni hpe, Kachin n'rai sai, Kachin hpe n'tsaw ra mat sai ni ngu, tsun mayu ai n're. Byin wa ai Political trend, position, structure gaw, shai wa sai hpe, tsun mayu ai. Myit kata, Ngup Aga hta gaw, Kachin re majaw, myu hpe tsawra ,na re. Raitim Tatut magam bungli gaw, n'tsa de na Myen order kawn sa wa na. Kachin mungshawa masha aq akyu ara, kade ram, makawp maga, lu galaw ya na, ngu ai gasan hpe tsun taw ai re.
Ndai masa hpe yu yang, Kachin politics gaw, pandung awngdang lam n’lu ai sha n’ga, myen aq lata de grau grau hkrat sum, n’gun kya wa sai ga re. Anhte Kachin ni, grau grau n'na sadi maja ra wa sai re. Ndai zawn re masa hta, maja ra ai lam ni gaw.
(1) DKBA zawn Kachin shada gap hkat shangun wa ai zawn n’byin na. Ndai zawn re Order hkrat wa yang, gara hku ninghkap na ngu hpe, ya kaw na, asan sha, masing jahkrat n’na, maja nga ra na re.
(2) Tinang Uhpung kata na, ningbaw, malawm ni hpe, maja rum, sat, nat, ai lam ni, nga wa chye ai. (Kogang ningbaw hpe gyam n’na, shamat kau ai zawn.) N’gun naw ja ai Kachin armed group KIA zawn re n’nga yang, ndai zawn re mabyin, daini daina, byin wa na, aloi sha re. Ndai hpung ni Militia hkap la dat ai gaw, KIA hpe mung, grau na, masa shayak dat ai tai sai.
(3) Sut masa, mung masa, Militia, Parties hpa mi galaw galaw, SPDC’s tool (or) Myen aq nchyang mayam, Myen aq Policy hpe hkrang shapraw ya ai Kachin militia n’tai na, sadi nga ra na re. Moi Sama Duwa the Jinghpaw ningbaw ni, mungmasa Myi n’hpaw ai majaw, Myen lang ai shingna, Myen akyu ara aq matu, jai lang sha hkrum lai wa zawn, bai n’kahtam byin na, ahkyek ai. Labau hta, Myen gaw, English, Japan ni hpe pi, masu magaw n’na, lang lai wa ai hpe mung dum ga. Alang lang myen masu ai hpe, kam shut na, myit malai lu ai ni, n’tai ga. Myit malai lu ai hpang gaw, hpang hkrat sai re. Consequence hpe hkrum sha ra sai re. Tinang langai aq tinggyeng akyu ara, tinang langai aq ningmu hte, Amyu ting hpe dut sha ai ni, jam jau jaw ai ni, n’tai na, sadi ga.
Ya ndai lak nak Uhpung 3 gaw, kaning nchye di ai majaw, Myen aq masing hpe N’kam tim, hkap la ra ai ngu ga. Naw ngam nga ai KIA gaw tsep kawp ndai zawn Myen aq lata de Kachin Sinat hpe n’mai ap kau na re. Rawng malan n’awngdingsa, Kachin Sinat hpe, n’kabai kau ai ni mung nga ra na re. Mungmasa galaw ai ngu ai gaw, Common Goal (Kachin self-determination) hpe Aziyu let, shani shana, masing jahkrat, grau n’na, Kachin politics hkrung kaba n’gun ja wa hpe she Myit ga. Ya Militia tai mat ai ni mung, byin lai mat sai gaw, tinang aq Gawng kya lam aq majaw re hpe dum la na, ndai Goal de bai htang wa lu na, hkrang shapraw lu na hpe, myit nga ga.
Makau mi gaw, Kachin political rights aq matu galaw, makau mi gaw, shada, jahten ai baw bungli, tsep kawp, n’galaw na, Grai ahkyek ai re. Eg; Dukaba Naw Seng hpung ni hte, Sama Du Wa ni mungmasa ningmu n'hkrum ai majaw,hkrat sum ai zawn, bai n'kahtap rai na, ahkyek ai. Rawng malan hpe tinang n’lu galaw woi awn ai rai yang mung, galaw nga ai ni hpe, myitdaw, jahte tam ai baw, galoi hkum galaw mu. Kachin re the maren, du nga ai shara kaw na, Kachin akyu ara hpe, shani shagu na, sak hkrung lam hta, hpa lu galaw na, aq nawng lu na, ngu she myit nga ga. Nang ngai, Kachin akyu ara aq matu, daini, hpa lu galaw sai ngu hpe, shana yup wa mahka, galaw mung, Review galaw mu. Daini n’lu galaw jang, Hpawt ni ngai hpa lu galaw hkra, shakut na ngu hpe, hkrang shapraw mu. Rawt malan ningbaw galaw, Sinat hpai n’na, Kachin akyu ara hpe, (7) ya hta, kalang mung, n’lu galaw kau dat ai gaw, hkum rai mu. Jut shara kaw e aq nawng nga ai, ninbaw ningla, myu tsaw shayi shadang kaji kaba ma hkra, Kachin mai kaja lam hpe, hkrang shapraw galaw sa lu mu ga law, Akyu hpyi dat n’nga ai. Yawng hpe hkungga let.
Sunday, October 18, 2009
In search of democracy - Kachin leader engages junta: The Bangkok Post
In search of democracy - Kachin leader engages junta
Freelance journalist Myint Shwe recently met Manam Tu Ja in Laiza on the Chinese border, where they discussed possible implications of the volatile situation in Burma and his brand-new Kachin State Progressive Party
Recently, the New Light of Myanmar, the mouthpiece of the Burmese junta, carried an article extolling former Kachin rebel leader Manam Tu Ja's decision to set up a political party to contest the general election in 2010. Tu Ja had taken part in a national constitutional drafting convention organised by the junta from 2004-07 as a representative of the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO).
PATIENCE IS NEEDED: Manam Tu Ja believes the transformation of armed indigenous groups will take place eventually.
Despite the reservations by the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) led by Aung San Suu Kyi, many believe that the 2010 election is the only solution to the country's problems. In Rangoon, upstart groups are springing up each day in preparation for the election, the date of which has yet to be announced.
The KIO has approved Tu Ja's decision and officially relieved him of leadership responsibilities. But on the other hand, the KIO and the United Wa State Army (UWSA) - the two most powerful armed ethnic organisations, which signed ceasefire agreements with the Burmese junta 20 years ago - are resisting the government's plan to transform them into state administered Border Guard Forces (BGF).
The KIO, with a fighting force of 4,000, and the UWSA, with 20,000 soldiers, are currently negotiating with the junta. Both sides are emphasising the importance of peace, and the use of political means to find a solution. The junta vanquished the Kokang, a much smaller armed group along the border with China, this past summer. A newly installed Kokang leadership has accepted the BGF proposal.
Some Burma observers think the junta might delay the elections. Pessimists even foresee a resumption of civil war in the north and in the east of the country.
There was news recently that the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) would form an interim government, probably in October, to handle the upcoming election. What is your opinion on this?
Yes, we heard about it. If it is true, it is for the good. I mean it must have been made with good intentions. Given the current situation, it might be better to let an interim government carry on the remaining steps of the (seven-step) road map (for democracy). It is better suited to convene the election and to hand state power over to the newly elected government.
How will the SPDC proceed with its plan to transform the KIO and the UWSA into Border Guard Forces?
In principle, the transformation of indigenous armed organisations is necessary in order to harmonise with the country's political transition, I mean toward a democratic state. However, in doing so, we may need to allow enough time, great patience, and unlimited consultation with the indigenous people.
Like many others, I can sense that both the SPDC and the ceasefire groups prefer negotiation to a resumption of violence; both sides do not want to lose peace that has been achieved so far. Therefore, until they get a good solution, more patience is needed to work toward it. I firmly believe this hurdle will be overcome and the transformation will take place eventually and peacefully.
There are some pessimistic views in the political circles in Rangoon regarding this issue. Some even forecast that the election might be postponed until this problem is solved. If you think the issue will be solved peacefully, can it happen before the election?
I cannot tell with certainty. However, it seems to me that this issue will be solved before the election. I know some (armed) organisations are saying that this issue should be relegated to the next government; well I think it is up to the (current) government. If the government decides to leave the issue to the post-election period, it can do so, but I think the government side appears to have determined to finish it first.
On their side, the peace groups wish that their status would be left as it is now and discussed in the coming Union Assembly, or be solved by the new government. But I think this is less likely.
‘‘ We are now clearly and totally separated from the KIO. It does not necessarily mean I do not like the old ways of politics anymore. I just choose the new way, the democratic, civilian way
According to Burmese state-owned media, you are one of the few people who have been viewed favourably by the government. If the government asks you to help negotiate with the KIO on the BGF plan, would you consider it?
I do not think the government would ask me to intervene in any manner. The government has been fully capable of solving the problems it has faced so far. Besides, the government's style of work is dealing directly with the parties concerned, allowing only those who are involved. I am totally out of it.
You have decided to form the Kachin State Progressive Party (KSPP). You are still a leader of Kachins and an ex-KIO leader. How much will the current transformation issue affect your efforts and those of the KSPP.
We have determined to play a new game, urban politics. As you know, I clearly have burned the bridge behind me. Therefore, I will say the KSPP has nothing do to do with the KIO, regardless of whether it can negotiate its stand with the government, or not.
Have you relinquished your KIO membership?
Yes, I have formally resigned both from the KIO leadership and from the organisation. I personally do not have a single stake left with the KIO. On the other hand, I have cooperated with the government's road map since the National Convention and I am still cooperating with it through my plan to form a political party and to stand in the coming election.
In this regard, I want to emphasise that the KSPP will be a political party based entirely on the urban population (in Kachin state); it will play urban politics only. The KSPP will be marching along with the flow of the democratic age. We are now clearly and totally separated from the KIO. It does not necessarily mean I do not like the old ways of politics anymore. I just choose the new way, the democratic, civilian way, and the way of urban politics. So, whatever is happening on the other side will not be related to us in any way.
What is the story behind the formation of the KSPP?
Last year the people in Kachin State called a mass meeting and formed a large group called Kachin State Transitional Period Leading Body. This body consisted of representatives from all walks of life, such as religious leaders, businessmen, scholars and people from political organisations like the KIO and other smaller ones such as the New Democratic Army Kachin (NDAK).
The KIO consulted with the transitional body regarding the coming election. Through the body the Kachin people expressed the belief that the election approach to political transition as an option should not be rejected entirely, since it is inevitable. So it was recommended that a political party be formed to contest the election.
The leading body of the KSPP was formed, with 53 representatives drawn from that Transitional Period Leading Body.
KACHIN ENCLAVE: The town of Laiza, Burma, near the border with China, is the home of the Kachin Independence Organisation. The region wants to keep a degree of autonomy.
There were 10 representatives from the KIO, of which I was one. Five of these have returned to the KIO and the remaining five, including me, are now with the KSPP.
So we are totally independent of the KIO, as I told you earlier.
Some who are from smaller political organisations other than the KIO have also become civilian politicians like me, and no longer members of any armed group. That is why I said we are totally independent of any armed organisation. We are now a political party in the true sense of the word, and based on the civilian Kachin population.
Does the KSPP intend to represent all the Kachin State?
Yes, we felt that there should be only one local political party for the whole of the Kachin state, though we will not oppose others in Kachin state that wish to have their own parties. But we will try to make an alliance and merge with them.
We expect that bigger national parties like the National Unity Party (ex-Burma Socialist Program Party) and the National League for Democracy (NLD), might decide to run in the election in Kachin State, and other government-supported proxy parties and candidates as well. Our party, as a local party, intends to embrace all peoples and groups, united in the state. I want to say that the KSPP is a geographically instituted political party, or a state-based party, not based on religion or ethnicity, and focused on the all-round progress of the Kachin state.
In this regard, I want to say that the KSPP is going to be a constructive party in all aspects, with positive attitudes.
Our purpose in founding a political party is not to oppose whatever the government does or is going to do. We will cooperate with anyone when we believe their ideas are beneficial to the Kachin state, as well as the union as a whole. We will open the doors of our party widely. There will be room for everyone and leadership opportunity for anyone who demonstrates calibre.
What will be the first activity of the KSPP once you have officially launched the party?
We have yet to set up our organisational structure systematically and launch officially. When the government allows parties for registration we will do so, and we will launch our organisational work with the Kachin public within the framework the government allows.
Will the KSPP's party work be limited to within the state?
Yes, it will be within the Kachin State.
Do you have anything more to say?
The constitution and the elections are the two important things we need to have in order to make a smooth and successful turning point in this era of our country's history. This is the only door which is open for us at this moment.
This is why we are starting now and starting where we can start practically. It is given by circumstances, not choice. But I believe, if we work on steadily along this line, one day - I say one day - we will be at the destination all of us have envisioned.
I know there are criticisms of the new constitution. But even if the constitution is to be revised or amended in certain aspects, the only ones who can do so are the elected persons who have come through the 2010 election, and the only venue is the Union Assembly.
There is no way to bypass the election and the Union Assembly created by it. This should be clear.
Myint Shwe (myint.shwe@gmail.com) is a Canada-based long time Burma observer and freelance journalist.
Freelance journalist Myint Shwe recently met Manam Tu Ja in Laiza on the Chinese border, where they discussed possible implications of the volatile situation in Burma and his brand-new Kachin State Progressive Party
Recently, the New Light of Myanmar, the mouthpiece of the Burmese junta, carried an article extolling former Kachin rebel leader Manam Tu Ja's decision to set up a political party to contest the general election in 2010. Tu Ja had taken part in a national constitutional drafting convention organised by the junta from 2004-07 as a representative of the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO).
PATIENCE IS NEEDED: Manam Tu Ja believes the transformation of armed indigenous groups will take place eventually.
Despite the reservations by the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) led by Aung San Suu Kyi, many believe that the 2010 election is the only solution to the country's problems. In Rangoon, upstart groups are springing up each day in preparation for the election, the date of which has yet to be announced.
The KIO has approved Tu Ja's decision and officially relieved him of leadership responsibilities. But on the other hand, the KIO and the United Wa State Army (UWSA) - the two most powerful armed ethnic organisations, which signed ceasefire agreements with the Burmese junta 20 years ago - are resisting the government's plan to transform them into state administered Border Guard Forces (BGF).
The KIO, with a fighting force of 4,000, and the UWSA, with 20,000 soldiers, are currently negotiating with the junta. Both sides are emphasising the importance of peace, and the use of political means to find a solution. The junta vanquished the Kokang, a much smaller armed group along the border with China, this past summer. A newly installed Kokang leadership has accepted the BGF proposal.
Some Burma observers think the junta might delay the elections. Pessimists even foresee a resumption of civil war in the north and in the east of the country.
There was news recently that the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) would form an interim government, probably in October, to handle the upcoming election. What is your opinion on this?
Yes, we heard about it. If it is true, it is for the good. I mean it must have been made with good intentions. Given the current situation, it might be better to let an interim government carry on the remaining steps of the (seven-step) road map (for democracy). It is better suited to convene the election and to hand state power over to the newly elected government.
How will the SPDC proceed with its plan to transform the KIO and the UWSA into Border Guard Forces?
In principle, the transformation of indigenous armed organisations is necessary in order to harmonise with the country's political transition, I mean toward a democratic state. However, in doing so, we may need to allow enough time, great patience, and unlimited consultation with the indigenous people.
Like many others, I can sense that both the SPDC and the ceasefire groups prefer negotiation to a resumption of violence; both sides do not want to lose peace that has been achieved so far. Therefore, until they get a good solution, more patience is needed to work toward it. I firmly believe this hurdle will be overcome and the transformation will take place eventually and peacefully.
There are some pessimistic views in the political circles in Rangoon regarding this issue. Some even forecast that the election might be postponed until this problem is solved. If you think the issue will be solved peacefully, can it happen before the election?
I cannot tell with certainty. However, it seems to me that this issue will be solved before the election. I know some (armed) organisations are saying that this issue should be relegated to the next government; well I think it is up to the (current) government. If the government decides to leave the issue to the post-election period, it can do so, but I think the government side appears to have determined to finish it first.
On their side, the peace groups wish that their status would be left as it is now and discussed in the coming Union Assembly, or be solved by the new government. But I think this is less likely.
‘‘ We are now clearly and totally separated from the KIO. It does not necessarily mean I do not like the old ways of politics anymore. I just choose the new way, the democratic, civilian way
According to Burmese state-owned media, you are one of the few people who have been viewed favourably by the government. If the government asks you to help negotiate with the KIO on the BGF plan, would you consider it?
I do not think the government would ask me to intervene in any manner. The government has been fully capable of solving the problems it has faced so far. Besides, the government's style of work is dealing directly with the parties concerned, allowing only those who are involved. I am totally out of it.
You have decided to form the Kachin State Progressive Party (KSPP). You are still a leader of Kachins and an ex-KIO leader. How much will the current transformation issue affect your efforts and those of the KSPP.
We have determined to play a new game, urban politics. As you know, I clearly have burned the bridge behind me. Therefore, I will say the KSPP has nothing do to do with the KIO, regardless of whether it can negotiate its stand with the government, or not.
Have you relinquished your KIO membership?
Yes, I have formally resigned both from the KIO leadership and from the organisation. I personally do not have a single stake left with the KIO. On the other hand, I have cooperated with the government's road map since the National Convention and I am still cooperating with it through my plan to form a political party and to stand in the coming election.
In this regard, I want to emphasise that the KSPP will be a political party based entirely on the urban population (in Kachin state); it will play urban politics only. The KSPP will be marching along with the flow of the democratic age. We are now clearly and totally separated from the KIO. It does not necessarily mean I do not like the old ways of politics anymore. I just choose the new way, the democratic, civilian way, and the way of urban politics. So, whatever is happening on the other side will not be related to us in any way.
What is the story behind the formation of the KSPP?
Last year the people in Kachin State called a mass meeting and formed a large group called Kachin State Transitional Period Leading Body. This body consisted of representatives from all walks of life, such as religious leaders, businessmen, scholars and people from political organisations like the KIO and other smaller ones such as the New Democratic Army Kachin (NDAK).
The KIO consulted with the transitional body regarding the coming election. Through the body the Kachin people expressed the belief that the election approach to political transition as an option should not be rejected entirely, since it is inevitable. So it was recommended that a political party be formed to contest the election.
The leading body of the KSPP was formed, with 53 representatives drawn from that Transitional Period Leading Body.
KACHIN ENCLAVE: The town of Laiza, Burma, near the border with China, is the home of the Kachin Independence Organisation. The region wants to keep a degree of autonomy.
There were 10 representatives from the KIO, of which I was one. Five of these have returned to the KIO and the remaining five, including me, are now with the KSPP.
So we are totally independent of the KIO, as I told you earlier.
Some who are from smaller political organisations other than the KIO have also become civilian politicians like me, and no longer members of any armed group. That is why I said we are totally independent of any armed organisation. We are now a political party in the true sense of the word, and based on the civilian Kachin population.
Does the KSPP intend to represent all the Kachin State?
Yes, we felt that there should be only one local political party for the whole of the Kachin state, though we will not oppose others in Kachin state that wish to have their own parties. But we will try to make an alliance and merge with them.
We expect that bigger national parties like the National Unity Party (ex-Burma Socialist Program Party) and the National League for Democracy (NLD), might decide to run in the election in Kachin State, and other government-supported proxy parties and candidates as well. Our party, as a local party, intends to embrace all peoples and groups, united in the state. I want to say that the KSPP is a geographically instituted political party, or a state-based party, not based on religion or ethnicity, and focused on the all-round progress of the Kachin state.
In this regard, I want to say that the KSPP is going to be a constructive party in all aspects, with positive attitudes.
Our purpose in founding a political party is not to oppose whatever the government does or is going to do. We will cooperate with anyone when we believe their ideas are beneficial to the Kachin state, as well as the union as a whole. We will open the doors of our party widely. There will be room for everyone and leadership opportunity for anyone who demonstrates calibre.
What will be the first activity of the KSPP once you have officially launched the party?
We have yet to set up our organisational structure systematically and launch officially. When the government allows parties for registration we will do so, and we will launch our organisational work with the Kachin public within the framework the government allows.
Will the KSPP's party work be limited to within the state?
Yes, it will be within the Kachin State.
Do you have anything more to say?
The constitution and the elections are the two important things we need to have in order to make a smooth and successful turning point in this era of our country's history. This is the only door which is open for us at this moment.
This is why we are starting now and starting where we can start practically. It is given by circumstances, not choice. But I believe, if we work on steadily along this line, one day - I say one day - we will be at the destination all of us have envisioned.
I know there are criticisms of the new constitution. But even if the constitution is to be revised or amended in certain aspects, the only ones who can do so are the elected persons who have come through the 2010 election, and the only venue is the Union Assembly.
There is no way to bypass the election and the Union Assembly created by it. This should be clear.
Myint Shwe (myint.shwe@gmail.com) is a Canada-based long time Burma observer and freelance journalist.
Friday, October 16, 2009
Sanction policy hurt innocent Burmese Citizen, But not regime
A comment in response to the Irrawaddy’s commentary “A New Political Environment?” http://www.irrawaddy.org/opinion_story.php?art_id=17006
Burmese farmers
Yes this is a new phenomenon, mainly becoz Suu Kyi now shows up after such a long silence. Of course, sanction hurt ordinary citizen deeply and seriously. Meanwhile junta has survived unaffectedly. Regime even grew stronger and made oppositions and ethnic groups weaker over the past decades. So far, UN, US and Western powers have made no sense in real Burmese politics. We need to Be very cautious, Not to fail so many times again. Regime says one thing and does another. It did not care international community either.
What is the cost of sanction? How many more Burmese citizens have to die? We should hurt innocent citizen for any political purpose. Politicians, you can sacrifice your life if you believe in changing dictatorship to democracy, but you should not force citizens into poverty. Sanction policy driving Poverty should not be a tool to condemn the SPDC's wrong doing. Sanction policies should be clearly clarified between those hurt citizens and those effect on the military. Some sanction such as bans over Visa, opening bank accounts of the junta and their cronies and their natural resources export such as oil and gas are workable to restrict regime. But those sanction over such as investment and industries that create job opportunity and employment should be lifted but encouraged to solve the problems of illegal migration, human trafficking, and numerous human rights abuse over Burmese migrant workers such as underpaid jobs, unpaid jobs, forcing migrants as slaves, sexual abuse, inhumane race discrimination and murders happening around the world, especially Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore.
This is a crucial time. Something harsh or effective policy is needed. Is it the right time to talk about Sanction just a few months right ahead of election? Sanction will never be effective as long as China, India and Thailand trade with regime and are not interested to solve Burmese politics. So Sanction policy is failing, not beneficial to Burma's pro-democracy movement. Exploiters such as China, Thailand, India benefit from US and Western's sanction over Burma. The suffers and losers are Burmese citizen. Nobody care about ethnics or universal value. Nobody really have commitment to solve problem unless we see Oil. Burmese are sick of bala bala speech. We need a genuine and meaningful approach from both international community and Burmese junta.
Maintaining sanction policy without reviewing whether it is affecting the SPDC or hurting the ordinary citizen will be ridiculous. With the absence of western countries’ involvement, allowing China, North Korea and Russia (who are not interested in human rights, justice and democracy) to do business in Burma is like giving a death sentence to Burmese citizens. Permitted by the SPDC, these businesses orientated exploiters are simply easily sucking citizens’ blood and exploiting all natural resources. How can we ratify these sanctions to pressure Change in Burma? Should US and pro democracy leaders including Maung Maung allow this happen? At what cost? Is the sanction the only thing that the US and the UN can do change toward democracy in Burma? If say yes, then the question is are they effective? Answer is No because Burma has China and ASEAN to do business. My crucial point here is we need to do beyond these cycles?
Burmese farmersYes this is a new phenomenon, mainly becoz Suu Kyi now shows up after such a long silence. Of course, sanction hurt ordinary citizen deeply and seriously. Meanwhile junta has survived unaffectedly. Regime even grew stronger and made oppositions and ethnic groups weaker over the past decades. So far, UN, US and Western powers have made no sense in real Burmese politics. We need to Be very cautious, Not to fail so many times again. Regime says one thing and does another. It did not care international community either.
What is the cost of sanction? How many more Burmese citizens have to die? We should hurt innocent citizen for any political purpose. Politicians, you can sacrifice your life if you believe in changing dictatorship to democracy, but you should not force citizens into poverty. Sanction policy driving Poverty should not be a tool to condemn the SPDC's wrong doing. Sanction policies should be clearly clarified between those hurt citizens and those effect on the military. Some sanction such as bans over Visa, opening bank accounts of the junta and their cronies and their natural resources export such as oil and gas are workable to restrict regime. But those sanction over such as investment and industries that create job opportunity and employment should be lifted but encouraged to solve the problems of illegal migration, human trafficking, and numerous human rights abuse over Burmese migrant workers such as underpaid jobs, unpaid jobs, forcing migrants as slaves, sexual abuse, inhumane race discrimination and murders happening around the world, especially Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore.
This is a crucial time. Something harsh or effective policy is needed. Is it the right time to talk about Sanction just a few months right ahead of election? Sanction will never be effective as long as China, India and Thailand trade with regime and are not interested to solve Burmese politics. So Sanction policy is failing, not beneficial to Burma's pro-democracy movement. Exploiters such as China, Thailand, India benefit from US and Western's sanction over Burma. The suffers and losers are Burmese citizen. Nobody care about ethnics or universal value. Nobody really have commitment to solve problem unless we see Oil. Burmese are sick of bala bala speech. We need a genuine and meaningful approach from both international community and Burmese junta.
Maintaining sanction policy without reviewing whether it is affecting the SPDC or hurting the ordinary citizen will be ridiculous. With the absence of western countries’ involvement, allowing China, North Korea and Russia (who are not interested in human rights, justice and democracy) to do business in Burma is like giving a death sentence to Burmese citizens. Permitted by the SPDC, these businesses orientated exploiters are simply easily sucking citizens’ blood and exploiting all natural resources. How can we ratify these sanctions to pressure Change in Burma? Should US and pro democracy leaders including Maung Maung allow this happen? At what cost? Is the sanction the only thing that the US and the UN can do change toward democracy in Burma? If say yes, then the question is are they effective? Answer is No because Burma has China and ASEAN to do business. My crucial point here is we need to do beyond these cycles?
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
One Country Two Governments/ One Country Two Systems
(Mungdan 1, Asuya 2 (shnr) Tinang Mungdaw Laksan Asuya) Hong Kong gaw China kaw lawm ai raitim, Tinang amyu sha rai nga ai Hong Kong masha ni aq laksan Asuya hte laksan mungdan langai zawn, uphkang nga ai mungdan re. Miwa mungdan hta, grau n'na, hpaji masa, sut masa ring chying ai, Asia mungdan ni hta nga sat nga sa, grai tsaw hkra, nga lu ai mungdan langai re. Wunpawng sha ni Kasi yu la mai ai baw political system (self-autonomy) re,hti yu ga!
One country, two systems
Hong Kong Scene from Peak Mountain
Hong Kong is part of China but it is like a totally different country. Hong Kong has its own government and its own political system. Hong Kong runs one of the most developed and effective government in Asia. Hong Kong people enjoy more freedom and live in high living standard than the rest of China and elsewhere in Asia. The government of Hong Kong is called the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Under “one country, two systems,” Hong Kong has its own political system, legal, military, economic and financial affairs, including commercial and cultural agreements with foreign countries, and enjoys "certain rights" in foreign affairs.
Hong Kong and Macau
“One country, two systems” is originally proposed in 1984 by Deng Xiaoping, then Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to apply the principle to Hong Kong in the negotiation with the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher over the future of Hong Kong when the lease of the New Territories (including New Kowloon) of Hong Kong to the United Kingdom was to expire in 1997. The same principle was proposed in the talks with Portugal over Macau.
The principle is that upon reunification, despite the practice of "socialism" in mainland China, both Hong Kong and Macau which were colonies of the UK and Portugal respectively, can have their established system under a high degree of autonomy for at least fifty years after reunification to a very large extent. What will happen after 2047 and 2049 (50 years after the return of Hong Kong and Macau, respectively) has never been stated in any public documents.
Hong Kong Basic Law Article 5 reads:
“The socialist system and policies shall not be practised in the HKSAR, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years."
The establishment of these regions, called special administrative regions (SARs), is authorized by Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, which states that the State may establish SARs when necessary, and that the systems to be instituted in them shall be prescribed by law enacted by the National People's Congress in light of the specific conditions.
The SARs of Hong Kong and Macau were formally established on 1 July 1997 and 20 December 1999 respectively, immediately after the People's Republic of China (PRC) assumed the sovereignty over the respective regions.
Framework
The two SARs of Hong Kong and Macau are responsible for their domestic affairs, including, but not limited to, the judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. Diplomatic relations and national defense of the two SARs are, however, the responsibility of the Central People's Government in Beijing.
Hong Kong continues using English common law. Macau continues using the Portuguese civil law system.
Implementation
In Hong Kong, the system has been implemented through the Basic Law of Hong Kong, which serves as the "mini-constitution" of the region, and consistent with the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Similar arrangements are in place with Macau. Under the respective basic laws, the SARs have a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. They formulate their own monetary and financial policies, maintain their own currencies, formulate their own policies on education, culture, sports, social welfare system, etc. within the framework of the basic laws.
As stipulated by the basic laws, while the Central People's Government of the PRC is responsible for foreign affairs and defense in relation to the SARs, representatives of the Government of the SARs may participate, as members of delegations of the PRC, in diplomatic negotiations that directly affect the Regions, and in other international organizations or conferences limited to states and affecting the region. For those international organizations and conferences not limited to states, the SARs may participate using the names in the form of Hong Kong, China and Macau, China. As separate economic entities, both SARs of Hong Kong and Macau are members of the World Trade Organization. Hong Kong is also one of the member economies of APEC.
The basic laws also provide constitutional protection on various fundamental human rights and freedoms. Specifically, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is given a constitutional status through the basic laws.
Some international observers and human rights organizations have expressed doubts about the future of the relative political freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong, and about the PRC's pledge to allow a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong. They considered, for example, that the proposals in Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2003 (which was withdrawn due to mass opposition) might have undermined autonomy.
Nonetheless, the governments of the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong both consider the principle to have been successfully implemented, quoting official reports of both the United Kingdom and the United States.
Republic of China/Taiwan
This system has also been proposed by the PRC government for Taiwan, but the Republic of China (ROC) government has refused this suggestion (it has also been claimed that the system was originally designed for Taiwan). Special provisions for the preservation of the military in Taiwan have also been proposed. The concept of "One country, two systems" tends to be highly unpopular in Taiwan, with polls consistently showing 80% opposition and only about 10% support. All of the major parties in Taiwan, including those that lean toward Chinese reunification have come out strongly against "One country, two systems". Some proposed "One country, two governments" which was obviously opposed by the Chinese communist party, while some proposed the "one country" in "One country, two systems" should be ROC instead of PRC. One of the few Taiwanese who have publicly supported "one country, two systems" is novelist Li Ao.
Although the "One country, two systems" guarantees that Hong Kong's economic and political systems will not be changed for 50 years after the British handover in 1997, Mainland Affairs Council of the Republic of China has cited 169 cases in which they claim the PRC has breached the right of the people of Hong Kong to self-rule and severely intervened in the judicial system as well as freedom of speech.
Since the accession of Hu Jintao, the PRC has stopped promoting immediate reunification via "one country, two systems" (although it remains official policy). The "one country, two systems" framework was not mentioned in the Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China. A new policy of gradual economic integration and political exchanges is now preferred: this new policy was emphasized during the 2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China as well as all subsequent major cross-strait exchanges.
Tibet
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has expressed interest in using "one country, two systems" for governing Tibet. He has said that under such a system he would be willing to return to Tibet from exile. The government of China, however, considers this system inapplicable to Tibet because "Tibet is already a part of China" and fears that "one country, two systems" will be used as a gateway to formal Tibetan independence.
One country, two systems
Hong Kong Scene from Peak MountainHong Kong is part of China but it is like a totally different country. Hong Kong has its own government and its own political system. Hong Kong runs one of the most developed and effective government in Asia. Hong Kong people enjoy more freedom and live in high living standard than the rest of China and elsewhere in Asia. The government of Hong Kong is called the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Under “one country, two systems,” Hong Kong has its own political system, legal, military, economic and financial affairs, including commercial and cultural agreements with foreign countries, and enjoys "certain rights" in foreign affairs.
Hong Kong and Macau
“One country, two systems” is originally proposed in 1984 by Deng Xiaoping, then Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to apply the principle to Hong Kong in the negotiation with the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher over the future of Hong Kong when the lease of the New Territories (including New Kowloon) of Hong Kong to the United Kingdom was to expire in 1997. The same principle was proposed in the talks with Portugal over Macau.
The principle is that upon reunification, despite the practice of "socialism" in mainland China, both Hong Kong and Macau which were colonies of the UK and Portugal respectively, can have their established system under a high degree of autonomy for at least fifty years after reunification to a very large extent. What will happen after 2047 and 2049 (50 years after the return of Hong Kong and Macau, respectively) has never been stated in any public documents.
Hong Kong Basic Law Article 5 reads:
“The socialist system and policies shall not be practised in the HKSAR, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years."
The establishment of these regions, called special administrative regions (SARs), is authorized by Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, which states that the State may establish SARs when necessary, and that the systems to be instituted in them shall be prescribed by law enacted by the National People's Congress in light of the specific conditions.
The SARs of Hong Kong and Macau were formally established on 1 July 1997 and 20 December 1999 respectively, immediately after the People's Republic of China (PRC) assumed the sovereignty over the respective regions.
Framework
The two SARs of Hong Kong and Macau are responsible for their domestic affairs, including, but not limited to, the judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. Diplomatic relations and national defense of the two SARs are, however, the responsibility of the Central People's Government in Beijing.
Hong Kong continues using English common law. Macau continues using the Portuguese civil law system.
Implementation
In Hong Kong, the system has been implemented through the Basic Law of Hong Kong, which serves as the "mini-constitution" of the region, and consistent with the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Similar arrangements are in place with Macau. Under the respective basic laws, the SARs have a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. They formulate their own monetary and financial policies, maintain their own currencies, formulate their own policies on education, culture, sports, social welfare system, etc. within the framework of the basic laws.
As stipulated by the basic laws, while the Central People's Government of the PRC is responsible for foreign affairs and defense in relation to the SARs, representatives of the Government of the SARs may participate, as members of delegations of the PRC, in diplomatic negotiations that directly affect the Regions, and in other international organizations or conferences limited to states and affecting the region. For those international organizations and conferences not limited to states, the SARs may participate using the names in the form of Hong Kong, China and Macau, China. As separate economic entities, both SARs of Hong Kong and Macau are members of the World Trade Organization. Hong Kong is also one of the member economies of APEC.
The basic laws also provide constitutional protection on various fundamental human rights and freedoms. Specifically, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is given a constitutional status through the basic laws.
Some international observers and human rights organizations have expressed doubts about the future of the relative political freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong, and about the PRC's pledge to allow a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong. They considered, for example, that the proposals in Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2003 (which was withdrawn due to mass opposition) might have undermined autonomy.
Nonetheless, the governments of the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong both consider the principle to have been successfully implemented, quoting official reports of both the United Kingdom and the United States.
Republic of China/Taiwan
This system has also been proposed by the PRC government for Taiwan, but the Republic of China (ROC) government has refused this suggestion (it has also been claimed that the system was originally designed for Taiwan). Special provisions for the preservation of the military in Taiwan have also been proposed. The concept of "One country, two systems" tends to be highly unpopular in Taiwan, with polls consistently showing 80% opposition and only about 10% support. All of the major parties in Taiwan, including those that lean toward Chinese reunification have come out strongly against "One country, two systems". Some proposed "One country, two governments" which was obviously opposed by the Chinese communist party, while some proposed the "one country" in "One country, two systems" should be ROC instead of PRC. One of the few Taiwanese who have publicly supported "one country, two systems" is novelist Li Ao.
Although the "One country, two systems" guarantees that Hong Kong's economic and political systems will not be changed for 50 years after the British handover in 1997, Mainland Affairs Council of the Republic of China has cited 169 cases in which they claim the PRC has breached the right of the people of Hong Kong to self-rule and severely intervened in the judicial system as well as freedom of speech.
Since the accession of Hu Jintao, the PRC has stopped promoting immediate reunification via "one country, two systems" (although it remains official policy). The "one country, two systems" framework was not mentioned in the Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China. A new policy of gradual economic integration and political exchanges is now preferred: this new policy was emphasized during the 2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China as well as all subsequent major cross-strait exchanges.
Tibet
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has expressed interest in using "one country, two systems" for governing Tibet. He has said that under such a system he would be willing to return to Tibet from exile. The government of China, however, considers this system inapplicable to Tibet because "Tibet is already a part of China" and fears that "one country, two systems" will be used as a gateway to formal Tibetan independence.
Saturday, October 10, 2009
No one should applause defeating Wa
A response to the Irrawaddy Oct 9 commentary “Defeating the Wa would Win Wide Applause” . http://www.irrawaddy.org/opinion_story.php?art_id=16965
This commentary highlighted drug problem in Wa region and hinted that defeating the Wa army would win applause from regional including Thailand, perhaps US.
It maybe true that Thai will be happy when drug producer in golden triangle are gone. but I want to point out hat this article seemed to have little acknowledgment on political problem which is the root cause of all social and political turmoil in Burma.
However we can not only tell reasoning of drug when it comes the fighting between Burmese dictatorship regime and ethnic armies. The reason is because this war is not only about drug. The root cause of Wa holding arm is also not merely to produce methamphetamine.
The main trouble maker is the SPDC who destroyed the constitution of federal democracy and staged coup, arresting the union’s political leaders including Suu Kyi and ethnic representatives and put them in prisons. The oppressive rule by the Burman-dominated military regime have driven away remaining political leaders into the jungle, holding arms to restrict the oppressive regime and to restore democracy and human rights.
Thailand simply can not applause defeating Wa since knowing above mentioned roots cause of political turmoil in Burma. As usually, the offensive will not only pose refugees problem to Thailand, it will cause burning civilian homes and killing people and destroying the region’s peace. Without resolving the main problem of political crisis, but defeating an ethnic army would pose forever political problems in the region.
Instead of eliminating ethnic armies, Burma should find remedy for its political problem which is the main cause of all social, health problem and unstable politics. The regime should show its willingness to solve political turmoil by releasing political prisoners including Suu Kyi, and letting the democratic civilian government govern and manage the country’s social and political affairs. Instead of happy applause of defeating Wa by Thailand, all international Community including Thais must honestly and openly encourage Burmese military to step down from power, not to abuse human rights and restore democracy in Burma.
This commentary highlighted drug problem in Wa region and hinted that defeating the Wa army would win applause from regional including Thailand, perhaps US.It maybe true that Thai will be happy when drug producer in golden triangle are gone. but I want to point out hat this article seemed to have little acknowledgment on political problem which is the root cause of all social and political turmoil in Burma.
However we can not only tell reasoning of drug when it comes the fighting between Burmese dictatorship regime and ethnic armies. The reason is because this war is not only about drug. The root cause of Wa holding arm is also not merely to produce methamphetamine.
The main trouble maker is the SPDC who destroyed the constitution of federal democracy and staged coup, arresting the union’s political leaders including Suu Kyi and ethnic representatives and put them in prisons. The oppressive rule by the Burman-dominated military regime have driven away remaining political leaders into the jungle, holding arms to restrict the oppressive regime and to restore democracy and human rights.
Thailand simply can not applause defeating Wa since knowing above mentioned roots cause of political turmoil in Burma. As usually, the offensive will not only pose refugees problem to Thailand, it will cause burning civilian homes and killing people and destroying the region’s peace. Without resolving the main problem of political crisis, but defeating an ethnic army would pose forever political problems in the region.
Instead of eliminating ethnic armies, Burma should find remedy for its political problem which is the main cause of all social, health problem and unstable politics. The regime should show its willingness to solve political turmoil by releasing political prisoners including Suu Kyi, and letting the democratic civilian government govern and manage the country’s social and political affairs. Instead of happy applause of defeating Wa by Thailand, all international Community including Thais must honestly and openly encourage Burmese military to step down from power, not to abuse human rights and restore democracy in Burma.
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Myen hpe jinghku hku na i? Hpyen hku yu na i? De aq majaw mahtai gaw hpa baw rai na?
Myen hpe jinghku hku na i? Hpyen hku yu na i? HPyen hku yu let, jinghku mung hku, ngu ai aq lachyum gaw hpa baw? De aq hpang de byin taw ai, mabyin ni gaw gara hku? Results gaw Hpa baw byin wa ai? Kachin akyu ara hte, tinang uphpung the business akyu ara, kara hpe shawng kaw tawn na, kara hpe hpang kaw tawn ai? De aq result gaw hpa baw byin wa ai? anhte Kachin nang ngai yawng myit sawn dik lit yu ga.
Gen Aung San prat hta, jinghpaw ningbaw ningla ni, Myen the pawng na, mungdan gaw gap yang, mai kaja n’hten nga, jinghpaw ni myen the pawng sai. Raitim, Myen gaw myen sha re the maren, BIA Myen hpyen ningbaw makau mi kaw nan, Myen Amyu kaba policy lang ai, democratic federalism and power sharing among states hpe, n’ra ai, ni lawm sai. Karen mare masha ni hpe, BIA myen hpyen la ni grai law sat kau sai. U Nu a prat hta, jinghpaw mung masha ni hpe n’bawng ai, jinghpaw Buga 3 dang hpe, Miwa hpe, Myi man tam n’na, kum hpaw jaw kau sai. Myen mung ting hpe, race, culture, religion shabung, myen woi shatai kau na matu, galaw sai. Baw sang amyu sha ni mung, rawt malang hpang wa sai. Myen hpyen dap ni, baw sang amyu shagu aq buga shagu, du shang, n’na, zingri zingrat ai lam galaw sai. Lak nak lang ai ni hpe jahptai n’na, baw sang amyu sha yawng hpe mung, rum sat, zingri, sai. Yawng hkra gaw, Amyen n’re ai ni hpe, amyu kaji shatai kau na the, shamyit kau na masing, Myen sai rai nga ai.
Gen Nye Win prat, kawn, ya Than Shwe prat, Myen gaw myen sha re. Galoi ram ra ai tara hpe galaw na, mungdan ting na mungmasha ni ngwi pyaw simsa na hpe, baw tawn, galaw ai n’lawm ai. First priority gaw, ethnic politicians ni hpe shamyit na, masing rai nga ai. Kachin State Tai-Mu Gen Gam hpang hpe mung, dai policy kata kaw e, si hkam mat wa ra sai. Myen magma gun mi rai rai, KIA magam gun mi rai rai, Kachin re majaw gaw, Myen aq myi hta gaw, anhte yawng hkra gaw, Hpyen, hku na sha, yu nga ai re. Daini Jinghpaw LauBan ni, mungmasa ni the Shat saboi langai kaw sha, rau dung sha tim, Myen aq masin gaw, hpawt ni, gara hku, Da-mya mya na, gara hku, Rim rawng na, adup na, Myi the Yu nga ai re.
Democracy NLD ningbaw Suu Kyi the laga myen ningbaw ni hpe rim rawng ai mung dai sha re. Democracy, Federalism rai yang, myen the, baw sang maren mara, power sharing rai na, Jinghpaw mungdaw de jinghpaw ni up na hpe, n’kam yu ai majaw, Mungdan ting hpe Myen amyu ni madu lu na, policy aq majaw, myen ningbaw shada ningmu n’bung ai ni hpe rim rawng hkat ai, anhte baw sanga laga amyu ni hpe, shaning 50,60 ning, gap ai, Kachin State de, myen hpyen dap jat tik tik, myen amyu masha, gawt bang tik tik re, dai policy rai nga ai. Ya na myen jet ai mung masa la ni gaw, ndai zawn, ethnic armed groups ni n’gun kaya wa, myen mung hta, myen role grau kaba wa ai hpe, ya na myen ningbaw ni hpe chyeju dum nga ma ai. N’gup de she, ethnic problem hparan ra ai nga tim, myit kata de gaw, myen mung e, myen ni up sha ra ai, hku, myit ai ni hkrai re.
Mungkan the jinghpaw mung Map
World Map hpe yu yang, Kachin State map hta, htam manu mana, kaji ai, mungdan ni grai law ai re. Kachin State aq dingdung kaw e nga ai Bhutan country mung, kachin state hta, htam 6 in size kaji ai. Tinang amyu sha tinang up ai lak sak mungdan rai, grai pyaw, grai lu su ai mungdan re. Wunpawng mundan zawn, n'hprang sutrai n'nga ai, kaji ji sha law, mungdan ni, grai law, mungkan nga nga ai re.
Myeng the pawng ai jinghpaw mungmasa awng dang ai i? hkrat sum ai i? Hpyen hpe hpyen hku mu ai i? Jinghku shatai ai ni nga ga ai i?
Anhte Jiwoi Jiwa ni, myen hpe Kam n'na, alang lang, zingri hkrum, sat hkrum, hkam sharang na, na pawng lai wa ai. Dai ni mung, Myen gaw, Kachin politics hpe respect n'nga, mahtai tam ga ngu hpe, n'hkap la ai sha n'ga, kachin politics hpe shamat kau na, kachin amyu ni hpe, shamat na, she gyam nga ai re. Myen ningbaw ni aq myen Myu kaba, Sawa ladat lang ai hpe, anhte kachin ni, hpyem hpe, hpyen hku, chye mu nga ra sai law. Myen hpyen hpe jinghku shatai, hkrup ang ai rai yang mung, Myit malai saga law. Myi hte mu, na hte na na, Chye la, dum hprang saga law.
Lak nang Uhpung ni law ga ai rai tim, Sai ga shaga, Pu gang sin machyi rai ga law! Myen wa aq masing gaw, Daini KIA hpe gap yang, hpawt ni KDA hpe wan nat na. hpawt din ni, NDA-K hpe sat shamyit na re. Pangdung langai sha rai nga ga ai, anhte kachin ni, Sinat mahku, maga mi de, rau jawm shayawn ga. Kachin ni ram, Majan labau hta, reng ai, Kachin ni sha nga ai re. Jiwoi Jiwa prat kaw na, ya du hkra, gasat gala ai ni, majan mahkrum madup nga ai ni, Majan hta, reng ai ni rai ga ai re. Shara shagup de du nga ai Wunpawng sha ni mung, Pu gang si machyi, tinang dang di ai atsawm marai, tinang chye chyang ai hpaji hte, ndai amyu sha lit hpe, Rau sha, jawm Nau ga law. Shinggan de du nga ai wunpawng myu sha, ningbaw ningla, nuwa ni, dangdi shanglawm mai ai lam ni mung, nga na re. Ga shadawn, Media, Medical supply, Food supply, laga ja gumhpraw the garum shingtau ai, maigan myu experts, politicians ni the matut mahkai na, tatut shanglawm ai ni mai na re. Kachin rai saga ai re majaw, yawng kaw lit nga sai re. Yawng lama mi lama mi, hkrang shapraw galaw sa w a ai rai yang, mai kaja ai lam ni, grai law, pru wa na re. yawng rau sha yaw!
Gen Aung San prat hta, jinghpaw ningbaw ningla ni, Myen the pawng na, mungdan gaw gap yang, mai kaja n’hten nga, jinghpaw ni myen the pawng sai. Raitim, Myen gaw myen sha re the maren, BIA Myen hpyen ningbaw makau mi kaw nan, Myen Amyu kaba policy lang ai, democratic federalism and power sharing among states hpe, n’ra ai, ni lawm sai. Karen mare masha ni hpe, BIA myen hpyen la ni grai law sat kau sai. U Nu a prat hta, jinghpaw mung masha ni hpe n’bawng ai, jinghpaw Buga 3 dang hpe, Miwa hpe, Myi man tam n’na, kum hpaw jaw kau sai. Myen mung ting hpe, race, culture, religion shabung, myen woi shatai kau na matu, galaw sai. Baw sang amyu sha ni mung, rawt malang hpang wa sai. Myen hpyen dap ni, baw sang amyu shagu aq buga shagu, du shang, n’na, zingri zingrat ai lam galaw sai. Lak nak lang ai ni hpe jahptai n’na, baw sang amyu sha yawng hpe mung, rum sat, zingri, sai. Yawng hkra gaw, Amyen n’re ai ni hpe, amyu kaji shatai kau na the, shamyit kau na masing, Myen sai rai nga ai.
Gen Nye Win prat, kawn, ya Than Shwe prat, Myen gaw myen sha re. Galoi ram ra ai tara hpe galaw na, mungdan ting na mungmasha ni ngwi pyaw simsa na hpe, baw tawn, galaw ai n’lawm ai. First priority gaw, ethnic politicians ni hpe shamyit na, masing rai nga ai. Kachin State Tai-Mu Gen Gam hpang hpe mung, dai policy kata kaw e, si hkam mat wa ra sai. Myen magma gun mi rai rai, KIA magam gun mi rai rai, Kachin re majaw gaw, Myen aq myi hta gaw, anhte yawng hkra gaw, Hpyen, hku na sha, yu nga ai re. Daini Jinghpaw LauBan ni, mungmasa ni the Shat saboi langai kaw sha, rau dung sha tim, Myen aq masin gaw, hpawt ni, gara hku, Da-mya mya na, gara hku, Rim rawng na, adup na, Myi the Yu nga ai re.
Democracy NLD ningbaw Suu Kyi the laga myen ningbaw ni hpe rim rawng ai mung dai sha re. Democracy, Federalism rai yang, myen the, baw sang maren mara, power sharing rai na, Jinghpaw mungdaw de jinghpaw ni up na hpe, n’kam yu ai majaw, Mungdan ting hpe Myen amyu ni madu lu na, policy aq majaw, myen ningbaw shada ningmu n’bung ai ni hpe rim rawng hkat ai, anhte baw sanga laga amyu ni hpe, shaning 50,60 ning, gap ai, Kachin State de, myen hpyen dap jat tik tik, myen amyu masha, gawt bang tik tik re, dai policy rai nga ai. Ya na myen jet ai mung masa la ni gaw, ndai zawn, ethnic armed groups ni n’gun kaya wa, myen mung hta, myen role grau kaba wa ai hpe, ya na myen ningbaw ni hpe chyeju dum nga ma ai. N’gup de she, ethnic problem hparan ra ai nga tim, myit kata de gaw, myen mung e, myen ni up sha ra ai, hku, myit ai ni hkrai re.
Mungkan the jinghpaw mung Map
World Map hpe yu yang, Kachin State map hta, htam manu mana, kaji ai, mungdan ni grai law ai re. Kachin State aq dingdung kaw e nga ai Bhutan country mung, kachin state hta, htam 6 in size kaji ai. Tinang amyu sha tinang up ai lak sak mungdan rai, grai pyaw, grai lu su ai mungdan re. Wunpawng mundan zawn, n'hprang sutrai n'nga ai, kaji ji sha law, mungdan ni, grai law, mungkan nga nga ai re.
Myeng the pawng ai jinghpaw mungmasa awng dang ai i? hkrat sum ai i? Hpyen hpe hpyen hku mu ai i? Jinghku shatai ai ni nga ga ai i?
Anhte Jiwoi Jiwa ni, myen hpe Kam n'na, alang lang, zingri hkrum, sat hkrum, hkam sharang na, na pawng lai wa ai. Dai ni mung, Myen gaw, Kachin politics hpe respect n'nga, mahtai tam ga ngu hpe, n'hkap la ai sha n'ga, kachin politics hpe shamat kau na, kachin amyu ni hpe, shamat na, she gyam nga ai re. Myen ningbaw ni aq myen Myu kaba, Sawa ladat lang ai hpe, anhte kachin ni, hpyem hpe, hpyen hku, chye mu nga ra sai law. Myen hpyen hpe jinghku shatai, hkrup ang ai rai yang mung, Myit malai saga law. Myi hte mu, na hte na na, Chye la, dum hprang saga law.
Lak nang Uhpung ni law ga ai rai tim, Sai ga shaga, Pu gang sin machyi rai ga law! Myen wa aq masing gaw, Daini KIA hpe gap yang, hpawt ni KDA hpe wan nat na. hpawt din ni, NDA-K hpe sat shamyit na re. Pangdung langai sha rai nga ga ai, anhte kachin ni, Sinat mahku, maga mi de, rau jawm shayawn ga. Kachin ni ram, Majan labau hta, reng ai, Kachin ni sha nga ai re. Jiwoi Jiwa prat kaw na, ya du hkra, gasat gala ai ni, majan mahkrum madup nga ai ni, Majan hta, reng ai ni rai ga ai re. Shara shagup de du nga ai Wunpawng sha ni mung, Pu gang si machyi, tinang dang di ai atsawm marai, tinang chye chyang ai hpaji hte, ndai amyu sha lit hpe, Rau sha, jawm Nau ga law. Shinggan de du nga ai wunpawng myu sha, ningbaw ningla, nuwa ni, dangdi shanglawm mai ai lam ni mung, nga na re. Ga shadawn, Media, Medical supply, Food supply, laga ja gumhpraw the garum shingtau ai, maigan myu experts, politicians ni the matut mahkai na, tatut shanglawm ai ni mai na re. Kachin rai saga ai re majaw, yawng kaw lit nga sai re. Yawng lama mi lama mi, hkrang shapraw galaw sa w a ai rai yang, mai kaja ai lam ni, grai law, pru wa na re. yawng rau sha yaw!
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
Video from Burma: SHOOT ON SIGHT
Video advocates BURMA ISSUES travel deep into the jungles of eastern Burma to document one of the world's most urgent and most forgotten emergencies. (The video was co-produced with WITNESS)
The Burmese military has embarked on one of the worst offensives in its 30 year campaign to destabilize the lives of rural ethnic minorities. Half a million live driven from their homes. INTERNATIONAL ACTION IS NEEDED!
The Burmese military has embarked on one of the worst offensives in its 30 year campaign to destabilize the lives of rural ethnic minorities. Half a million live driven from their homes. INTERNATIONAL ACTION IS NEEDED!
Logging Scandal from Burma to China (Channel 4 News)
Watch a Special Report from Channel 4 News (rare timber's being plundered by China's illegal logging trade)
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
KNO/KNC Ningbaw Duwa Bawmwang Laraw a Jinghpaw Wunpawng Mungchying Mung Shawa ni hpang de Ndau Shabra Laika (Letter)
Tsawra ai jinghpaw wunpawng mungchying mungshawa yawng hpang de ya yang hkyak hkyak byin pru nga sai mung masa the amyu masa sat lawat the seng nna tang shana dat ai.
Mung masa labau kadun.
1. Anhte Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu sha ni-gaw lai mat wa sai shaning law law kaw nna anhte amyu ni anhte a lamu ga kaw ngwipyaw ai hku asak hkrung nna nga lai wa sai.1926 ning a hpang daw de English mung maden ni up hkang ai n-pu kaw bai nga ra sai.1942 ning kaw nna mungkan majan 2 bai byin wa nna Japan mung maden a n pu kata kaw anhte a lamu ga n kau mi hkrat sum nga sai. Raitim kade n-na yang mungkan myit hkrum hpyen hpung hte anhte a kaji kawa kanu kana jinghpaw myutsaw share shagan ni law law gaw japan mung maden hpyen hpe gasat manga kau nna tinang lamu ga hpe bai lu la sai.1945 ning hta mungkan majan(japan majan) ngut sai.Jinghpaw ni tinang amyu hpe tinang bai uphkang lu na matu lajang nga sai. Duwa council hpaw nna jinghpaw Shanglawt mungdan lu na matu lajang wa nga sai.Dai zawn jinghpaw ningbaw ni tinang mung hpe tinang bai lu la na matu lajang nga ai ten hta myen ningbaw Awngsan wa lung wa nna shanhte myen mung hte Shanglawt rau la nna rau jawm nga na matu bawngban wa sai.Jinghpaw ningbaw ni gaw myen ,kaya,sam,hkang hte kaga amyu baw sang ni hte rapra ai mung masa ahkaw ahkang tara kata kaw rau jawm nga na matu myit hkrum sai. Dai majaw, 1947 ning hta Sam mung , pang lung mare kaw e Sam,Kaya, Hkang Myen ni hte rau jawm nna munghkawm mungdan langai de la nna rau jawm nga na matu Jinghpaw ni gaw, myit hkrum ga sadi laika galaw sai. Dai myit hkrum ga sadi hte maren munghkawm mungdan langai de nna ahkaw ahkang rapra ai kata kaw rau jawm nga na matu mungdan tara kanu galaw nna myen ni hte rau Shanglawt la nna rau jawm nga hpang wa sai.Myen hte rau jawm nga ai kaw nna Jinghpaw ni gaw matut manoi jam jau n ni nkri hkrum sha hpang wa sai.Myen amyu shada da nram ai kata kaw myen amyu ni gaw kaga amyu bawsang rai nga ai Kayin, Paoo, Sam ni hte majan byin sai. Myen shada da mung laja lana majan bai byin nna myen mung ting gaw n ngwi npyaw jam jau kaba hkrum sha nga sai. Dai zawn mungdan ting majan byin nga ninglen myen amyu ni gaw kaga amyu baw sang ni hpe hpyen gumshem ladat lang nna shani shana dip rip sha wa sai. Rapra ai ahkaw ahkang hpe nlang ai.Myen shada da mung hpyen masa lang nna diprip sha wa nga sai.
2. Dai zawn re ai myenmung a mung masa lam hta jinghpaw ni mung,rau jawm nna matut nga na matu yak hkak wa sai hpe chye ai jinghpaw ningbaw ni gaw myen asuya hpe bai gasat wa sai. Jinghpaw ningbaw Lahpai naw seng woi awn nna 1949 ning kaw nna jinghpaw ni rawt malan ai lam hpe galaw wa sai. Myenmung a mungdan tara kanu hpe Federal lai masa hkrak re ai mung masa tara kanu hpe bai sharai galaw la na matu lajang ai. Raitim myen ningbaw ni myit magaw nna mungdan tara kanu hpe myen ni chyu sha ahkaw ahkang ka-up nna uphkang sha mai ai lai ladat hpe sha matut galaw da ai.
3. Myen ningbaw ni gaw, mungdan ting hpe hpyen ladat hku nna,prat dingsa uphkang sha mayu ai majaw, NEWIN woi awn ai hpyen gumshem hpung ni mungdan a daru magam ahkaw ahkang hpe zing la sai. Dai hpang grau nna shanhte ra ai ladat hte myen mung hpe up sha na matu MSL hpung hpaw nna tara ningnan hte mungdan ting hpe ka-up uphkang sha wa sai. Jinghpaw,Kaya,Sam ni hte Hkang ni rau jawm galaw da ai mungdan tara kanu hpe jahten kau sai.
4. Dai hpang 1961 ning hta gaw,Jinghpaw ni mung,KIO ngu ai Shanglawt mung masa hpung hpaw wa sai. KIA ngu ai Shanglawt rawt malan hpyen dap hpaw la nna myen hpyen asuya hpe gasat hpang wa sai.KIO wu hpung gaw maga mi de sinat wamyam hte gasat nna maga mi de n gup aga hte saboi n-tsa kaw bawngban ai ladat hpe mung lang nna,tinang amyu sha ni a lu ang ai ahkaw ahkang bai lu la na matu shakut wa sai.
5. 1988ning shata man 8 hta gaw,myen mungdan masha ni kaw nna, MSL myenhpyen asuya hpe n-gup hte marawn nna,mungshawa n-gun hte gawt kau sai. Raitim myen hpyen dap ni gaw grau nn,nhkru n kaja ai hpyen jaubu ni woi awn nna gumshem hpyen ladat hte myen mung hpe bai diprip up hkang sha wa sai.
6. Dai zawn rai nna KIO ,KIA ni- gaw tinang amyusha ni lawt lu hkra nga nna shakut nga ding yang kaw e Ningbaw kaba Maran Brang Seng hte Dukaba Mali Zup Zau Mai woi awn ai KIO ningbaw ni gaw,myen hpyen dap asuya hte gap hkat ai lam hpe jahkring na masing hpe jahkrat dat sai.Dai masing hte maren 24/2/1994 ya shani e myen hpyendap asuya hte gap hkat ai lam jahkring nna,mung masa hpe n-gup aga hte jawm jahta na matu lajang wa sai. Shada da sinat wanyam hte gasat gala ai lam hpe jahkring da nna n-gup aga` hte jahta na matu lajang sa wa ai raitim, tatut hta` myen hpyen dap asuya gaw mung masa bawngban woi ai lam n- nga ai. Dai zawn mung masa lam hpe mung shawa hte hkrak rai bawngban ai lam n nga ai sha,myen hpyen dap ni-gaw, NC woi galaw nna myen mung a mungmasa tara kanu hpe SPDC ni-gaw shanhte ra ai hku ka lajang wa sai. KIO ni mung ndai myen ni woi galaw ai NC kaw shanglawm nna,tinang ra sharawng ai lam yan ni hpe tang madun bawngban ai Tang madun ai lam ni hpe n-hkap la ai Jinghpaw ni hte kaga amyu baw sang ni ra sharawng ai lam ni hpe sepkawp n-hkap la ai .Shanhte Myen amyu mungshawa law malawng ra sharawng ai mung masa lam ni hpe mung, myen hpyen asuya gaw ,kachyi mi mung myit yu hkan sa ai lam n- nga ai sha shanhte byin mayu ai hpyen masa hpe sha atik anang galaw da sai. Ndai zawn n-jaw ai masa hpe SPDC myen hpyen dap asuya woi galaw ai lam yan hta n-jaw nga sai hpe chye nga ninglen KIO ni gaw myen hpyen asuya hpe myit galu kaba ai lam madun nna shanglawm shakut lai wa sai.KIO ni kaw nna kade ram myit galu kaba ai lam hpe madun ai raitim,SPDC myen hpyendap asuya ni gaw,Jinghpaw amyu bawsang ni ra sharawng ai lam ni hpe kachyi mi mung myit yu ya ai lam n nga mat sai. Ndai zawn rai nga mat sai majaw, Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu sha ni hte Jinghpaw mung kata kaw shanu nga ai mung chying mung shawa yawng hte myen hpyen dap asuya gaw rau jawm nna mung dan langai kaw nga na matu yak mat sai. Dai hte maren kaga amyu bawsang ni rai nga ai Kayin,Kyinni(Kaya),Mun,Rahkai,Sam hte Hkang amyu baw sang ni mung, munghkawm mungdan langai kaw rau jawm nga na matu gaw yak dik mat sai aten kaw dai ni du nga sai.
7. Ndai zawn rai nga ai mungmasa lam a majaw, Jinghpaw ningbaw n kau mi gaw,tinang Jinghpaw amyu ni a mungmasa hpe ading rai nga lu na matu,hte tinang Jinghpaw amyusha ni lawt lu na matu KNO ngu ai Mung Masa hpung hpe hpaw la n htawm,tai hpyen rai nga ai myen hpyen dap asuya hpe ninghkap gasat ai lam hpe matut manoi galaw nga sai. KNO nig aw,Tinang amyu Shanglawt lu na matu shani shana matut galaw ding yang rai nga ai.Myen mung ting hpyen asuya a nhkru ai masa lam kaw nna lawt lu na matu hpe mung,kahpu kanau rai ngaai,Kayin,Kayinni(Kaya),Mun,Rahkai,Sam,Hkang hte myen ni yawng rau bawng nna,myen hpyen dap asuya hpe ninghkap gasat nga ding yang rai nga ai.
Ya hkyak hkyak anhte Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu sha ni kaw byin nga ai mungmasa, hpyen masa lam ni.
1.Myen hpyen asuya ni kaw nna jinghpaw mung kaw nga ai gaphkat jahkring sinat lang rawt malan nga ai mung masa hpung ni yawng hpe jarit sin pyada tai ra ai ngu sai. Ndai zawn jarit sin pyada shatai na lam hpe KIO,KIA ni kaw nna nlu hkap la ai majaw, Jinghpaw mung makawp maga hpyen dap,shing n-rai jinghpaw mungdaw makawp maga hpyen dap ngu mying hpe bai sharai ya na matu tang shawn ai lam hpe SPDC myen hpyen dap ni kaw nna sepkawp nhkap la ya ai.
2. KIO ,KIA hpung ni-gaw tinang myen mung kata kaw shada da sinat wanyam hte bai gasat ai lam hpe n-kam galaw ai majaw, Jinghpaw kasa salang ni hpe dat nna,SPDC myenhpyen dap asuya ningbaw ningla ni hpe PINMANA ( Ne Pyi Daw )de sa nna,jahkrup bawngban ai lam hpe kahtap galaw dat ai. SPDC ni kaw nna jinghpaw ni tang madun ai lam ni hpe kachyi mi mung hkap la ya ai lam n -nga ai. Shanhte SPDC ni tsun da ai hte maren sha KIO,KIA ni,hkan sa ra ai lam, kaga laksan ahkaw ahkang galai ya na lam nnga sai lam tsun sai. shanhte galaw da ai Mung masa tara hpe galai na lam nnga sai lam hpe dan dan tsun dat sai. Jarit sin pyada galaw shangun ai pyi gaw,shada da matsan dum ai hku nna lam tam ya ai lam sha re ai ngu tsun jaw sai.
3.Ndai zawn byin nga ai ten hta`Myen hpyendap asuya hte shawng ningnan Gaphkat jahkring ai lam hpe la nna nga sai KOKANG hpyen hpung ni hpe (…/…/// )aten hta` myen hpyen dap asuya ni-gaw, hpyen n-gun the htim gasat nna KOKANG ginra hpe zing la sai.Myen hpyen dap asuya ni-sadi run mat sai. Shanhte a`hpyen n-gun lang nna mungdan ting hpe kasat na matu lajang wa sai.KoKang sha n-rai kaga gaphkat jahkring hpung ni yawng hpe mung, gasat shamyit kau na matu lajang nga sai.
4. Ndai zawn kokang ginra hpe myen hpyen dap ni zing la ai ten hta`,Wa mung hpe mung myen hpyen dap ni –gaw,hpyen n-gun law law hte singda nga sai.Jinghpaw KIA dapba mali hpe mung hpyen n gun hte kahtep matep da nga sai. Tinang KIO,KIA ginra ni hta` mung, myen hpyendap ni-gaw hpyen n-gun law law hpe sa da nna, sinat wanyam hte gasat na jin jin rai nga sai. Myen hpyen dap ni-gaw,Jinghpaw ni hte wa ni hpe gasat na matu masing hpe hkrak sha jahkrat da sai. Ndai zawn byin nga ai aten kata kaw e Jinghpaw ningbaw ni-gaw gasat gala ai lam hpe koi yen nna shada da ngwipyaw ai hku jawm nga lu na lamang hpe tam lu na matu,Jinghpaw mung kata kaw nga ai Mung Du Salang law law hpe Laiza mare kaw shaga nna 5/9/2009 ya shani mungshawa zuphpawng hpe galaw sai. Dai zuphpawng kaw nna , SPDC hpyen asuya hpe lahkawng maga ra ai lam ni hpe bawngban na matu jinghpaw ningbaw ni hte KIO ningbaw ni akroi anoi jahkrup wa sai. Raitim SPDC myen hpyen dap ni gaw KIO ni hte Jinghpaw Wunpawng Mung Shawa a ra sharawng ai lam hpe kachyi mi mung myit yu ya ai lam nnga mat sai. Shanhte (SPDC)ni ra ai hku sha hkan sa ra ai ngu bai nhtang tsun ai. Ngu mayu ai gaw,KIO,KIA ni hku nna jarit sin pyada hku nga na hpe tsepkawp hkap la ra ai lam sha rai nga sai. Myen hpyen asuya hte KIO ni shada da mung masa hpe bawngban jahkrup la na matu lam htum mat sai.
5. Ya yang ten hta Jinghpaw mung kaw nga ai myen hpyen dap ni gaw,KIO,KIA ni hpe gasat na matu jin jin rai nga sai. Myen hpyen dap law law hpe tinang KIA ni nga ai shara shagu makau grup grup kaw shadu da sai. Gasat na amying hpe sha la nga sai.Tinang KIA hpyen dap ni mung ,tinang lu ai sinat wanyam hpe lang nna, tinang amyu hte tinang mungdan lamu ga hpe makawp maga na matu jin jin rai nga ai ten kaw du nga sai. KIA hpyen dap kaw nna ,tinang mundan hpe makawp maga lu na matu,myutsaw hpyen la ni shani shana shajin nga sai.
6. N dai zawn tinang mungdan lamu ga hpe tai hpyen myen wa gasat sa wa na hpe chye nga sai tinang myutsaw UKA ( jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan hpyen dap) ni mung,tinang amyu tinang mungdan hpe makawp maga na matu,jin jin rai nga sai.UKA hpyen dap kaw magam gun nga ai myutsaw share shagan ni yawng gaw,KIA hte rau rai nna,tinang amyu hte tinang mungdan hpe tinang a asak hte galai nna makawp maga na matu hpe mung jin jin rai nga sai.
Mungdan hte amyu hpe nshut nshai makawp maga ra sai. Ndai majan gaw anhte amyu ni dang nan dang ra ai. Dang hkra gasat ra ai.
Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan hte Jinghpaw Wunpawng mungchying mungshawa yawng hpe makawp maga ai lamang hta amyusha ni yawng shanglawm na lam.
1.Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan kata kaw nga ai mungchying mungshawa yawng ,tinang lamu ga hpe makawp maga na matu jin jin rai nga ga.( jinghpaw,myen,sam,kala,miwa,)
2. Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan mungchying mung shawa yawng gaw,tinang lu ai ja gumhpraw,tinang chyechyoi ai nyan hpaji,tinang lu ai n-gun atsam yawng hpe lang nna,tinang mungdan hpe makawp maga na matu ap nawng ga.
3.Maigan shara shagu kaw chyam bra nga sai tinang jinghpaw Wunpawng mungchying masha ni yawng mung, dai ni gaw tinang mungdan hpe makawp maga ra sai majaw, lawan bai n htang wa nna mungdan makawp maga ai lam hta` yawng shang lawm ga.
4. Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan kata kaw shanu nga ai ramma kaji kaba, num,la yawng gaw,tinang a asak hpe ap nawng nna tinang a` mungdan hpe makawp maga ga.
5. Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan hpe makawp maga na matu Tinang UKA hpyen dap hte KIA hpyen dap de lawan ladan sa-wa marit.
6.Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan kata kaw shanu nga ai mungchying mungshawa yawng hte gaw tinang lu ai atsam marai yawng hpe lang nna , tinang nga ai shara kaw e tai hpyen wa hpe gasat ga.Magrau grang ga. Anhte jinghpaw wunpawng amyusha mungchying mungshawa yawng kaw nga ai n-gun atsam yawng hpe lang nna,tinang mung hpe makawp maga ga.
Ndai majan hpe anhte amyu ni dang nan dang ra ai. Sum ai lam n- mai nga ai. Ndai majan hpe anhte amyu ni sum jang anhte amyu ni mat mat na re. Anhte a lamu ga ngu ai mung mat mat na re. Dai majaw,anhte amyu ni grin nga lu na matu, anhte a mungdan grin nga lu na matu anhte amyu ni yawng gaw, nga manga n-gun hpe lang nna n-dai majan hpe dang nan dang hkra gasat ra sai.
Karai kasang anhte hte rau tut rai nga ai.Anhte a` teng man jaw ai n-dai majan hpe anhte amyu ni awng padang lu nan lu na .
Shanglawt awng padang lu la u ga.Jinghpaw wunpawng amyusha ni yawng,ngwipyaw hkamja nga u ga.
BawmWang Laraw ( Ningbaw )
Jinghpaw Wunpawng Amyu Sha Hpung( KNO )
Jinghpaw Wunpawng Amyu Sha Kongsi ( KNC )
Mung masa labau kadun.
1. Anhte Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu sha ni-gaw lai mat wa sai shaning law law kaw nna anhte amyu ni anhte a lamu ga kaw ngwipyaw ai hku asak hkrung nna nga lai wa sai.1926 ning a hpang daw de English mung maden ni up hkang ai n-pu kaw bai nga ra sai.1942 ning kaw nna mungkan majan 2 bai byin wa nna Japan mung maden a n pu kata kaw anhte a lamu ga n kau mi hkrat sum nga sai. Raitim kade n-na yang mungkan myit hkrum hpyen hpung hte anhte a kaji kawa kanu kana jinghpaw myutsaw share shagan ni law law gaw japan mung maden hpyen hpe gasat manga kau nna tinang lamu ga hpe bai lu la sai.1945 ning hta mungkan majan(japan majan) ngut sai.Jinghpaw ni tinang amyu hpe tinang bai uphkang lu na matu lajang nga sai. Duwa council hpaw nna jinghpaw Shanglawt mungdan lu na matu lajang wa nga sai.Dai zawn jinghpaw ningbaw ni tinang mung hpe tinang bai lu la na matu lajang nga ai ten hta myen ningbaw Awngsan wa lung wa nna shanhte myen mung hte Shanglawt rau la nna rau jawm nga na matu bawngban wa sai.Jinghpaw ningbaw ni gaw myen ,kaya,sam,hkang hte kaga amyu baw sang ni hte rapra ai mung masa ahkaw ahkang tara kata kaw rau jawm nga na matu myit hkrum sai. Dai majaw, 1947 ning hta Sam mung , pang lung mare kaw e Sam,Kaya, Hkang Myen ni hte rau jawm nna munghkawm mungdan langai de la nna rau jawm nga na matu Jinghpaw ni gaw, myit hkrum ga sadi laika galaw sai. Dai myit hkrum ga sadi hte maren munghkawm mungdan langai de nna ahkaw ahkang rapra ai kata kaw rau jawm nga na matu mungdan tara kanu galaw nna myen ni hte rau Shanglawt la nna rau jawm nga hpang wa sai.Myen hte rau jawm nga ai kaw nna Jinghpaw ni gaw matut manoi jam jau n ni nkri hkrum sha hpang wa sai.Myen amyu shada da nram ai kata kaw myen amyu ni gaw kaga amyu bawsang rai nga ai Kayin, Paoo, Sam ni hte majan byin sai. Myen shada da mung laja lana majan bai byin nna myen mung ting gaw n ngwi npyaw jam jau kaba hkrum sha nga sai. Dai zawn mungdan ting majan byin nga ninglen myen amyu ni gaw kaga amyu baw sang ni hpe hpyen gumshem ladat lang nna shani shana dip rip sha wa sai. Rapra ai ahkaw ahkang hpe nlang ai.Myen shada da mung hpyen masa lang nna diprip sha wa nga sai.
2. Dai zawn re ai myenmung a mung masa lam hta jinghpaw ni mung,rau jawm nna matut nga na matu yak hkak wa sai hpe chye ai jinghpaw ningbaw ni gaw myen asuya hpe bai gasat wa sai. Jinghpaw ningbaw Lahpai naw seng woi awn nna 1949 ning kaw nna jinghpaw ni rawt malan ai lam hpe galaw wa sai. Myenmung a mungdan tara kanu hpe Federal lai masa hkrak re ai mung masa tara kanu hpe bai sharai galaw la na matu lajang ai. Raitim myen ningbaw ni myit magaw nna mungdan tara kanu hpe myen ni chyu sha ahkaw ahkang ka-up nna uphkang sha mai ai lai ladat hpe sha matut galaw da ai.
3. Myen ningbaw ni gaw, mungdan ting hpe hpyen ladat hku nna,prat dingsa uphkang sha mayu ai majaw, NEWIN woi awn ai hpyen gumshem hpung ni mungdan a daru magam ahkaw ahkang hpe zing la sai. Dai hpang grau nna shanhte ra ai ladat hte myen mung hpe up sha na matu MSL hpung hpaw nna tara ningnan hte mungdan ting hpe ka-up uphkang sha wa sai. Jinghpaw,Kaya,Sam ni hte Hkang ni rau jawm galaw da ai mungdan tara kanu hpe jahten kau sai.
4. Dai hpang 1961 ning hta gaw,Jinghpaw ni mung,KIO ngu ai Shanglawt mung masa hpung hpaw wa sai. KIA ngu ai Shanglawt rawt malan hpyen dap hpaw la nna myen hpyen asuya hpe gasat hpang wa sai.KIO wu hpung gaw maga mi de sinat wamyam hte gasat nna maga mi de n gup aga hte saboi n-tsa kaw bawngban ai ladat hpe mung lang nna,tinang amyu sha ni a lu ang ai ahkaw ahkang bai lu la na matu shakut wa sai.
5. 1988ning shata man 8 hta gaw,myen mungdan masha ni kaw nna, MSL myenhpyen asuya hpe n-gup hte marawn nna,mungshawa n-gun hte gawt kau sai. Raitim myen hpyen dap ni gaw grau nn,nhkru n kaja ai hpyen jaubu ni woi awn nna gumshem hpyen ladat hte myen mung hpe bai diprip up hkang sha wa sai.
6. Dai zawn rai nna KIO ,KIA ni- gaw tinang amyusha ni lawt lu hkra nga nna shakut nga ding yang kaw e Ningbaw kaba Maran Brang Seng hte Dukaba Mali Zup Zau Mai woi awn ai KIO ningbaw ni gaw,myen hpyen dap asuya hte gap hkat ai lam hpe jahkring na masing hpe jahkrat dat sai.Dai masing hte maren 24/2/1994 ya shani e myen hpyendap asuya hte gap hkat ai lam jahkring nna,mung masa hpe n-gup aga hte jawm jahta na matu lajang wa sai. Shada da sinat wanyam hte gasat gala ai lam hpe jahkring da nna n-gup aga` hte jahta na matu lajang sa wa ai raitim, tatut hta` myen hpyen dap asuya gaw mung masa bawngban woi ai lam n- nga ai. Dai zawn mung masa lam hpe mung shawa hte hkrak rai bawngban ai lam n nga ai sha,myen hpyen dap ni-gaw, NC woi galaw nna myen mung a mungmasa tara kanu hpe SPDC ni-gaw shanhte ra ai hku ka lajang wa sai. KIO ni mung ndai myen ni woi galaw ai NC kaw shanglawm nna,tinang ra sharawng ai lam yan ni hpe tang madun bawngban ai Tang madun ai lam ni hpe n-hkap la ai Jinghpaw ni hte kaga amyu baw sang ni ra sharawng ai lam ni hpe sepkawp n-hkap la ai .Shanhte Myen amyu mungshawa law malawng ra sharawng ai mung masa lam ni hpe mung, myen hpyen asuya gaw ,kachyi mi mung myit yu hkan sa ai lam n- nga ai sha shanhte byin mayu ai hpyen masa hpe sha atik anang galaw da sai. Ndai zawn n-jaw ai masa hpe SPDC myen hpyen dap asuya woi galaw ai lam yan hta n-jaw nga sai hpe chye nga ninglen KIO ni gaw myen hpyen asuya hpe myit galu kaba ai lam madun nna shanglawm shakut lai wa sai.KIO ni kaw nna kade ram myit galu kaba ai lam hpe madun ai raitim,SPDC myen hpyendap asuya ni gaw,Jinghpaw amyu bawsang ni ra sharawng ai lam ni hpe kachyi mi mung myit yu ya ai lam n nga mat sai. Ndai zawn rai nga mat sai majaw, Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu sha ni hte Jinghpaw mung kata kaw shanu nga ai mung chying mung shawa yawng hte myen hpyen dap asuya gaw rau jawm nna mung dan langai kaw nga na matu yak mat sai. Dai hte maren kaga amyu bawsang ni rai nga ai Kayin,Kyinni(Kaya),Mun,Rahkai,Sam hte Hkang amyu baw sang ni mung, munghkawm mungdan langai kaw rau jawm nga na matu gaw yak dik mat sai aten kaw dai ni du nga sai.
7. Ndai zawn rai nga ai mungmasa lam a majaw, Jinghpaw ningbaw n kau mi gaw,tinang Jinghpaw amyu ni a mungmasa hpe ading rai nga lu na matu,hte tinang Jinghpaw amyusha ni lawt lu na matu KNO ngu ai Mung Masa hpung hpe hpaw la n htawm,tai hpyen rai nga ai myen hpyen dap asuya hpe ninghkap gasat ai lam hpe matut manoi galaw nga sai. KNO nig aw,Tinang amyu Shanglawt lu na matu shani shana matut galaw ding yang rai nga ai.Myen mung ting hpyen asuya a nhkru ai masa lam kaw nna lawt lu na matu hpe mung,kahpu kanau rai ngaai,Kayin,Kayinni(Kaya),Mun,Rahkai,Sam,Hkang hte myen ni yawng rau bawng nna,myen hpyen dap asuya hpe ninghkap gasat nga ding yang rai nga ai.
Ya hkyak hkyak anhte Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu sha ni kaw byin nga ai mungmasa, hpyen masa lam ni.
1.Myen hpyen asuya ni kaw nna jinghpaw mung kaw nga ai gaphkat jahkring sinat lang rawt malan nga ai mung masa hpung ni yawng hpe jarit sin pyada tai ra ai ngu sai. Ndai zawn jarit sin pyada shatai na lam hpe KIO,KIA ni kaw nna nlu hkap la ai majaw, Jinghpaw mung makawp maga hpyen dap,shing n-rai jinghpaw mungdaw makawp maga hpyen dap ngu mying hpe bai sharai ya na matu tang shawn ai lam hpe SPDC myen hpyen dap ni kaw nna sepkawp nhkap la ya ai.
2. KIO ,KIA hpung ni-gaw tinang myen mung kata kaw shada da sinat wanyam hte bai gasat ai lam hpe n-kam galaw ai majaw, Jinghpaw kasa salang ni hpe dat nna,SPDC myenhpyen dap asuya ningbaw ningla ni hpe PINMANA ( Ne Pyi Daw )de sa nna,jahkrup bawngban ai lam hpe kahtap galaw dat ai. SPDC ni kaw nna jinghpaw ni tang madun ai lam ni hpe kachyi mi mung hkap la ya ai lam n -nga ai. Shanhte SPDC ni tsun da ai hte maren sha KIO,KIA ni,hkan sa ra ai lam, kaga laksan ahkaw ahkang galai ya na lam nnga sai lam tsun sai. shanhte galaw da ai Mung masa tara hpe galai na lam nnga sai lam hpe dan dan tsun dat sai. Jarit sin pyada galaw shangun ai pyi gaw,shada da matsan dum ai hku nna lam tam ya ai lam sha re ai ngu tsun jaw sai.
3.Ndai zawn byin nga ai ten hta`Myen hpyendap asuya hte shawng ningnan Gaphkat jahkring ai lam hpe la nna nga sai KOKANG hpyen hpung ni hpe (…/…/// )aten hta` myen hpyen dap asuya ni-gaw, hpyen n-gun the htim gasat nna KOKANG ginra hpe zing la sai.Myen hpyen dap asuya ni-sadi run mat sai. Shanhte a`hpyen n-gun lang nna mungdan ting hpe kasat na matu lajang wa sai.KoKang sha n-rai kaga gaphkat jahkring hpung ni yawng hpe mung, gasat shamyit kau na matu lajang nga sai.
4. Ndai zawn kokang ginra hpe myen hpyen dap ni zing la ai ten hta`,Wa mung hpe mung myen hpyen dap ni –gaw,hpyen n-gun law law hte singda nga sai.Jinghpaw KIA dapba mali hpe mung hpyen n gun hte kahtep matep da nga sai. Tinang KIO,KIA ginra ni hta` mung, myen hpyendap ni-gaw hpyen n-gun law law hpe sa da nna, sinat wanyam hte gasat na jin jin rai nga sai. Myen hpyen dap ni-gaw,Jinghpaw ni hte wa ni hpe gasat na matu masing hpe hkrak sha jahkrat da sai. Ndai zawn byin nga ai aten kata kaw e Jinghpaw ningbaw ni-gaw gasat gala ai lam hpe koi yen nna shada da ngwipyaw ai hku jawm nga lu na lamang hpe tam lu na matu,Jinghpaw mung kata kaw nga ai Mung Du Salang law law hpe Laiza mare kaw shaga nna 5/9/2009 ya shani mungshawa zuphpawng hpe galaw sai. Dai zuphpawng kaw nna , SPDC hpyen asuya hpe lahkawng maga ra ai lam ni hpe bawngban na matu jinghpaw ningbaw ni hte KIO ningbaw ni akroi anoi jahkrup wa sai. Raitim SPDC myen hpyen dap ni gaw KIO ni hte Jinghpaw Wunpawng Mung Shawa a ra sharawng ai lam hpe kachyi mi mung myit yu ya ai lam nnga mat sai. Shanhte (SPDC)ni ra ai hku sha hkan sa ra ai ngu bai nhtang tsun ai. Ngu mayu ai gaw,KIO,KIA ni hku nna jarit sin pyada hku nga na hpe tsepkawp hkap la ra ai lam sha rai nga sai. Myen hpyen asuya hte KIO ni shada da mung masa hpe bawngban jahkrup la na matu lam htum mat sai.
5. Ya yang ten hta Jinghpaw mung kaw nga ai myen hpyen dap ni gaw,KIO,KIA ni hpe gasat na matu jin jin rai nga sai. Myen hpyen dap law law hpe tinang KIA ni nga ai shara shagu makau grup grup kaw shadu da sai. Gasat na amying hpe sha la nga sai.Tinang KIA hpyen dap ni mung ,tinang lu ai sinat wanyam hpe lang nna, tinang amyu hte tinang mungdan lamu ga hpe makawp maga na matu jin jin rai nga ai ten kaw du nga sai. KIA hpyen dap kaw nna ,tinang mundan hpe makawp maga lu na matu,myutsaw hpyen la ni shani shana shajin nga sai.
6. N dai zawn tinang mungdan lamu ga hpe tai hpyen myen wa gasat sa wa na hpe chye nga sai tinang myutsaw UKA ( jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan hpyen dap) ni mung,tinang amyu tinang mungdan hpe makawp maga na matu,jin jin rai nga sai.UKA hpyen dap kaw magam gun nga ai myutsaw share shagan ni yawng gaw,KIA hte rau rai nna,tinang amyu hte tinang mungdan hpe tinang a asak hte galai nna makawp maga na matu hpe mung jin jin rai nga sai.
Mungdan hte amyu hpe nshut nshai makawp maga ra sai. Ndai majan gaw anhte amyu ni dang nan dang ra ai. Dang hkra gasat ra ai.
Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan hte Jinghpaw Wunpawng mungchying mungshawa yawng hpe makawp maga ai lamang hta amyusha ni yawng shanglawm na lam.
1.Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan kata kaw nga ai mungchying mungshawa yawng ,tinang lamu ga hpe makawp maga na matu jin jin rai nga ga.( jinghpaw,myen,sam,kala,miwa,)
2. Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan mungchying mung shawa yawng gaw,tinang lu ai ja gumhpraw,tinang chyechyoi ai nyan hpaji,tinang lu ai n-gun atsam yawng hpe lang nna,tinang mungdan hpe makawp maga na matu ap nawng ga.
3.Maigan shara shagu kaw chyam bra nga sai tinang jinghpaw Wunpawng mungchying masha ni yawng mung, dai ni gaw tinang mungdan hpe makawp maga ra sai majaw, lawan bai n htang wa nna mungdan makawp maga ai lam hta` yawng shang lawm ga.
4. Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan kata kaw shanu nga ai ramma kaji kaba, num,la yawng gaw,tinang a asak hpe ap nawng nna tinang a` mungdan hpe makawp maga ga.
5. Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan hpe makawp maga na matu Tinang UKA hpyen dap hte KIA hpyen dap de lawan ladan sa-wa marit.
6.Jinghpaw wunpawng mungdan kata kaw shanu nga ai mungchying mungshawa yawng hte gaw tinang lu ai atsam marai yawng hpe lang nna , tinang nga ai shara kaw e tai hpyen wa hpe gasat ga.Magrau grang ga. Anhte jinghpaw wunpawng amyusha mungchying mungshawa yawng kaw nga ai n-gun atsam yawng hpe lang nna,tinang mung hpe makawp maga ga.
Ndai majan hpe anhte amyu ni dang nan dang ra ai. Sum ai lam n- mai nga ai. Ndai majan hpe anhte amyu ni sum jang anhte amyu ni mat mat na re. Anhte a lamu ga ngu ai mung mat mat na re. Dai majaw,anhte amyu ni grin nga lu na matu, anhte a mungdan grin nga lu na matu anhte amyu ni yawng gaw, nga manga n-gun hpe lang nna n-dai majan hpe dang nan dang hkra gasat ra sai.
Karai kasang anhte hte rau tut rai nga ai.Anhte a` teng man jaw ai n-dai majan hpe anhte amyu ni awng padang lu nan lu na .
Shanglawt awng padang lu la u ga.Jinghpaw wunpawng amyusha ni yawng,ngwipyaw hkamja nga u ga.
BawmWang Laraw ( Ningbaw )
Jinghpaw Wunpawng Amyu Sha Hpung( KNO )
Jinghpaw Wunpawng Amyu Sha Kongsi ( KNC )
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